Dietary Habit and Physical Activity as Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Civil Servants in Jambi City
Abstract
The prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is an important health problem due to the association with increased cardiovascular disease as the main cause of death. Approximately 20-25% of the global adult population including Indonesia suffers from MetS. The high prevalence is attributed to several factors namely lifestyle changes such as dietary habit and physical activity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary habit and physical activity with MetS incidence among civil servant employees in Jambi City, Indonesia. A cross-sectional design was used to assess the proportion of MetS, dietary habit, and physical activity. A total of 108 civil servant employees were selected as respondents from six agencies using a multistage random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through physical examination and interviews using a questionnaire. The results showed that the prevalence of MetS was 60.2%, with three risk indicators, namely central obesity (74.1%), blood pressure (66.7%), and HDL (63%). Based on the chi-square test, dietary habit (OR=2.571, 95%CI=1.151-5.744) and physical activity (OR=3.692, 95%CI=1.625-8.388) were significantly related to MetS. The persistently high prevalence of MetS was significantly related to dietary habit and physical activity among civil servant employees in Jambi City-Indonesia. These results underscored the need to improve understanding of healthy diets by adopting a balanced nutritional intake, increasing the intensity of physical activity according to age, and engaging in regular exercise.
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24. Bil Khair F, Harvianto Y, Studi PJKR P, Palangka Raya U. Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Dan Pola Makan Pada Sindrom Metabolik Mahasiswa. Jurnal Keolahragaan JUARA. 2021;1(2):64–69. https://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/juara/article/download/3847/2900
25. Asrizal CW, Farrastama MD. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Tingkat Aktivitas Fisik Sebagai Pencegah Sindrom Metabolik. Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala. 2021;21(2). https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/JKS/article/view/20566/14636
26. Kudo N, Nishide R, Mizutani M, Ogawa S, Tanimura S. Association Between the Type of Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome In Middle-Aged and Older Adult Residents of A Semi-Mountainous Area In Japan. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 2021;26(1). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12199-021-00949-x?utm_source=getftr&utm_medium=getftr&utm_campaign=getftr_pilot
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28. Samodro P, Prastowo A, Zulfannisa NH, Wahyuni N. Konsumsi Fast Food dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Kejadian Sindrom Metabolik Di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. JURNAL NUTRISIA. 2020;21(2):83–90. https://www.nutrisiajournal.com/index.php/JNUTRI/article/view/187/70
29. Tylutka A, Morawin B, Walas Ł, Michałek M, Gwara A, Zembron-Lacny A. Assessment of Metabolic Syndrome Predictors in Relation to Inflammation and Visceral Fat Tissue in Older Adults. Scientific Reports. 2023;13(1). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-27269-6
2. Masriadi M, Gobel FA, Adam RK, Indrus H handayani. Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome (Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2). In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Scientific Meeting on Public Health and Sports (ISMOPHS 2021). 2022. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/ismophs-21/125969334
3. Yang C, Jia X, Wang Y, Fan J, Zhao C, Yang Y, et al. Trends and Influence Factors in the Prevalence, Intervention, and Control of Metabolic Syndrome Among US Adults, 1999–2018. BMC Geriatrics. 2022;22(1). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12877-022-03672-6?utm_source=getftr&utm_medium=getftr&utm_campaign=getftr_pilot
4. R. Lyons. Monograph on the Use of Herbs to Address Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2024;43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100840
5. Chae J, Seo MY, Kim SH, Park MJ. Trends and Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Among Korean Adolescents, 2007 to 2018. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal. 2021;45(6):880–889. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0185
6. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Laporan Riskesdas Propinsi Jambi 2018. Jakarta; 2019.
7. Herningtyas EH, Ng TS. Prevalence and Distribution of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components among Provinces and Ethnic Groups in Indonesia. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1). Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-019-6711-7?utm_source=getftr&utm_medium=getftr&utm_campaign=getftr_pilot
8. Mohamed SM, Shalaby MA, El-Shiekh RA, El-Banna HA, Emam SR, Bakr AF. Metabolic Syndrome: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Management with Natural Approaches. Food Chemistry Advances. 2023;3.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2023.100335
9. Ananthy V, Priyadharsini RP, Subramanian U. Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. SBV Journal of Basic, Clinical and Applied Health Science. 2021;4(2):39–45. https://jbcahs.sbvjournals.com/doi/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10082-03111
10. Nilsson PM, Tuomilehto J, Rydén L. The Metabolic Syndrome – What is it and How Should it be Managed?. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2019;26:33–46. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31766917/
11. Kalsum U, Nasution HS, Ibnu IN. Individual Characteristic and the Causes of Death in Lecturers at Jambi, Indonesia. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Green Development International Conference (GDIC 2020). 2021. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/gdic-20/125960286
12. Listyandini R, Dewi Pertiwi F, Puspa Riana D, Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor P, Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas Tanjung Priok Jakarta KI. Asupan Makan, Stress, dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Sindrom Metabolik pada Pekerja di Jakarta. Jurnal Kajian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2020;1(1):19–23.
https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/AN-NUR
13. Lokpo SY, Norgbey AN, Osei-Yeboah J, Owiredu WK, Annani-Akollor ME, Orish VN, et al. Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Ho municipality, Ghana. Scientific African. 2024;23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e02016
14. Fahed G, Aoun L, Zerdan MB, Allam S, Zerdan MB, Bouferraa Y, et al. Metabolic Syndrome: Updates on Pathophysiology and Management in 2021. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022;23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35054972/
15. Dobrowolski P, Prejbisz A, Kurylowicz A, Baska A, Burchardt P, Chlebus K, et al. Metabolic Syndrome a New Definition and Management Guidelines. Archives of Medical Science. 2022;18(5).
https://www.archivesofmedicalscience.com/pdf-152921-78084?filename=Metabolic%20syndrome%20_%20a.pdf
16. Khamroevna Razhabova G, Dzhumaev KS. Metabolic Syndrome: Methods of Prevention and Treatment. Novateur Publications International Journal of Innovations In Engineering Research And Technology [IJIERT]. 2020;7(6):148–153. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/337249-metabolic-syndrome-methods-of-prevention-fe324815.pdf
17. Murningtyas FS, Larasati MD, Rahmawati AY, Prihatin S. Besar Risiko Faktor Fisiologis Dan Faktor Perilaku Terhadap Kejadian Sindrom Metabolik. Jurnal Riset Gizi. 2020;8(1):11–17. https://ejournal.poltekkes-smg.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jrg/article/view/5152
18. Shi TH, Wang B, Natarajan S. The Influence of Metabolic Syndrome in Predicting Mortality Risk among US Adults: Importance of Metabolic Syndrome Even in Adults with Normal Weight. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2020;17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32441641/
19. Godala M, Krzyżak M, Maślach D, Gaszyńska E. Relationship between Dietary Behaviors and Physical Activity and the Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Case-Control Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(11). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35682146/
20. Lorzadeh E, Sangsefidi ZS, Mirzaei M, Hosseinzadeh M. Dietary Habits and Their Association with Metabolic Syndrome in A Sample of Iranian Adults: A Population-Based Study. Food Science & Nutrition. 2020;8(11). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33282272/
21. Park SI, Suh J, Lee HS, Song K, Choi Y, Oh JS, et al. Ten-Year Trends of Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence and Nutrient Intake Among Korean Children and Adolescents: A Population-Based Study. Yonsei Medical Journal. 2021;62(4).
https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2021.62.4.344
22. Nurzakiah, Hadju V, Jafar N, Indriasari R, Sirajuddin S, Amiruddin R. Literature Review: Pengaruh Pola Makan Terhadap Sindrom Metabolik. Jurnal Kajian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2021;1(2). https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/AN-NUR/article/view/8638
23. Iqbal SP, Ramadas A, Fatt QK, Shin HL, Onn WY, Kadir KA. Relationship of Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors and Diet Habits with Metabolic Syndrome (Mets) Among Three Ethnic Groups of the Malaysian Population. PLoS One. 2020;15(3). https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0224054
24. Bil Khair F, Harvianto Y, Studi PJKR P, Palangka Raya U. Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Dan Pola Makan Pada Sindrom Metabolik Mahasiswa. Jurnal Keolahragaan JUARA. 2021;1(2):64–69. https://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/juara/article/download/3847/2900
25. Asrizal CW, Farrastama MD. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Tingkat Aktivitas Fisik Sebagai Pencegah Sindrom Metabolik. Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala. 2021;21(2). https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/JKS/article/view/20566/14636
26. Kudo N, Nishide R, Mizutani M, Ogawa S, Tanimura S. Association Between the Type of Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome In Middle-Aged and Older Adult Residents of A Semi-Mountainous Area In Japan. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 2021;26(1). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12199-021-00949-x?utm_source=getftr&utm_medium=getftr&utm_campaign=getftr_pilot
27. Puryaningtyas RD, Sarbini D. Hubungan Asupan Karbohidrat dan Protein dengan Kejadian Metabolic Syndrome pada Pekerja Wanita di PT. Iskandar Indah Printing Textile Surakarta. Prosiding The 12th University Research Colloqium 2020 Universitas Aisyiyah Surakarta. 2020;178. http://repository.urecol.org/index.php/proceeding/article/view/1139
28. Samodro P, Prastowo A, Zulfannisa NH, Wahyuni N. Konsumsi Fast Food dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Kejadian Sindrom Metabolik Di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. JURNAL NUTRISIA. 2020;21(2):83–90. https://www.nutrisiajournal.com/index.php/JNUTRI/article/view/187/70
29. Tylutka A, Morawin B, Walas Ł, Michałek M, Gwara A, Zembron-Lacny A. Assessment of Metabolic Syndrome Predictors in Relation to Inflammation and Visceral Fat Tissue in Older Adults. Scientific Reports. 2023;13(1). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-27269-6
Authors
Guspianto, G., Ibnu, I. N., Sari, P., & Nadwa, Z. (2024). Dietary Habit and Physical Activity as Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Civil Servants in Jambi City. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 20(1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v20i1.27771
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