Menuju Literasi Gizi: Komponen Pengetahuan Gizi pada Program Edukasi Gizi Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Abstract
Nutrition knowledge is a fundamental base for determining attitude and practice in food choice. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of knowledge among elementary students. Analysis based on pre-test and post-test among elementary students who had been intervened by Gerakan Nusantara team. The intervention of nutrition education was held in 2014 to 2018 among 7113 selected elementary students in Indonesia. T-test of SPSS was used to analyze data. Standardization was held to determine the magnitude of change in each component of nutrition knowledge before and after nutrition education intervention. The result showed there was a significant change in nutrition knowledge after intervention p<0.05 from 2014 to 2018. The lowest magnitude of nutrition knowledge change was in 2014 (mean score=6.0±18.2). The lowest component of nutrition knowledge change was tumpeng balance nutrition guidelines dan and my plate food (mean score=2.3±1.4). This study showed that there was enhancement nutrition knowledge among students who were supported by their environment and the lowest magnitude of component knowledge was tumpeng balance nutrition guidelines dan and my plate food. The implementation of nutrition policy which was followed by effective media and method was necessary to be done to improve nutrition knowledge so that could affect attitude and practice among students.
References
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24. Asakura K, Todoriki H, Sasaki S. Relationship Between Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Intake among Primary School Children in Japan: Combined Effect of Children’s and Their Guardians’ Knowledge. Journal of Epidemiology. 2017;27(10):483–491.
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26. Widodo. Strategi Peningkatan Aktivitas Jasmani Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. 2014; 20(2):281–294.
27. Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2014.
28. Jung T, Huang J, Eagan L, Oldenburg D. Influence of School-Based Nutrition Edu-cation Program on Healthy Eating Literacy and Healthy Food Choice among Primary School Children. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education. 2019; 57(2):67–81.
29. Mccaughtry N, Martin JJ, Fahlman M, Shen B. Urban Health Educators ’ Perspectives and Practices Regarding School Nutrition Edu-cation Policies. Health Education Research. 2012;27(1):69–80.
30. Vardanjani AE, Reisi M, Javadzade H, Pour ZG. The Effect of Nutrition Education on Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance about Junk Food Consumption among Students of Female Primary Schools. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2015;4:53.
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32. Mozaffarian D. Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity - A Comprehensive Review. Circulation. 2016;133(2):187–225.
33. De P, Chattopadhyay N. Effects of Malnutrition on Child Development: Evidence from A Backward District of India. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2019;7(3):439–445.
34. Schmitt SA, Bryant LM, Korucu I, Kirkham L, Katare B, Benjamin T. The Effects of A Nutrition Education Curriculum on Improving Young Children’s Fruit and Vegetable Preferences and Nutrition and Health Knowledge. Public Health Nutrition. 2019;22(1):28–34.
35. Li F, Yuan Y, Xu X, Chen J, Li J, He G, et al. Nutrition Education Practices of Health Teachers from Shanghai K-12 Schools: The Current Status, Barriers and Willingness to Teach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 17(1):1–16.
36. Ouedraogo O, Doudou MH, Maxime K, Denis D, Noël G, Zagré M, et al. Policy Overview of the Multisectoral Nutrition Planning Pro-cess : the Progress, Challenges, and Lessons Learned from Burkina Faso. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 2019;35(1):120–139.
37. Jeihooni AK, Heidari MS, Harsini PA, Azizinia S. Application of Precede Model in Education of Nutrition and Physical Activities in Obesity and Overweight Female High School Students. Obesity Medicine. 2019;(14).
38. Bas H, Bahar Z. Outcomes of Nutrition Knowledge and Healthy Food Choices in 5- to 6-Year-Old Children who Received a Nutrition Intervention based on Piaget’s Theory. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing. 2011;16(4):263–279.
39. Jung L, Choi J, Bang H, Shin J, Heo Y. A Comparison of Two Differential Methods for Nutrition Education in Elementary School: Lecture and Experience-Based Learning Program. Nutrition Research and Practice. 2015;9(1):87–91.
40. Jackson J. Myths of Active Learning : Edgar Dale and the Cone of Experience. Journal of the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society. 2016;20(2):51–53.
41. Indraswari SH. Pengaruh Pendidikan Gizi dengan Poster dan Kartu Gizi terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Anak tentang Gizi Seimbang di SDN Ploso I-172 Surabaya. The Indonesian Journal of Public Health. 2019;14(2):216–227.
42. Partida S, Marshall A, Henry R, Townsend J, Toy A. Attitudes Toward Nutrition and Dietary Habits and Effectiveness of Nutrition Education in Active Adolescents in a Private School Setting: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1-15.
43. Perdana F, Madanijah S, Ekayanti I. Pengembangan Media Edukasi Gizi Berbasis Android dan Website Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perilaku Tentang Gizi. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan. 2017;12(3):169–178.
44. Yoong SL, Nathan NK, Wyse RJ, Preece SJ, Williams CM, Sutherland RL, et al. Assessment of The School Nutrition Environment: A Study in Australian Primary School Canteens. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2015;49(2):215–222.
45. Swindle T, Curran GM, Johnson SL. Implementation Science and Nutrition Edu-cation and Behavior: Opportunities for Integration. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2019;51(6):763-774.
46. Dampang DP, Kustiyah L, Dwiriani CM. School Based Intervention sebagai Upaya Perbaikan Konsumsi Buah dan Sayur Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Media Kesehatan Masya-rakat Indonesia. 2018;14(3):260–267.
2. Development Initiatives. Global Nutrition Report. Bristol, UK: Development Initiatives; 2018.
3. Alston L, Crooks N, Strugnell C, Orellana L, Allender S, Rennie C, et al. Associations between School Food Environments, Body Mass Index and Dietary Intakes among Regional School Students in Victoria, Australia : A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(16):1–13.
4. Mamba NPS, Napoles L, Mwaka NM. Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Primary School Children in Tshwane, South Africa. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine. 2019;11(1):1–7.
5. Wijayanti AE. Promoting Healthy Food Education for Elementary School Children at Post Merapi Eruption Area of Cangkringan District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Quasi-Experimental Study using “Learning with Fun” Approach. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2017;7(3):128-136.
6. Kemenkes RI. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2019.
7. Setiono FJ, Jock B, Trude A, Wensel CR, Poirier L, Pardilla M, et al. Associations between Food Consumption Patterns and Chronic Diseases and Self-Reported Morbi-dities in 6 American Indian Communities. Current Developments in Nutrition. 2019; 3(2):69–80.
8. Achadi E, Pujonarti SA, Sudiarti T, Rahmawati, Kusharisupeni, Mardatillah, et al. Sekolah Dasar Pintu Masuk Perbaikan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Gizi Seimbang Masyarakat. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional. 2010;5(1):42-48.
9. National Center for Health Statistics. Healthy People 2010 Final Review. Hyattsville, MD; 2012.
10. Nuryanto, Pramono A, Puruhita N, Muis SF. Pengaruh Pendidikan Gizi Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap tentang Gizi Anak Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia. 2014;3(1):32–36.
11. Nguyen B. Impact of A nutrition Education Intervention on Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Intake of Fruits, Vegetables, and Milk among Fourth and Fifth-Grade Elementary School Children. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2016;48(7):79.
12. Poelman AAM, Cochet-broch M, Cox DN, Vogrig D. Research Brief Vegetable Education Program Positively Affects Factors Associated with Vegetable Consumption among Australian Primary (Elementary) School Children. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2019; 51(4):492–497.
13. Nutland W, Cragg L. Health Promotion Practice. [Second Edition]. London: Open University Press; 2015.
14. Fan Y, Zhang S, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang T, Liu W, et al. Development and Psychometric Testing of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Questionnaire among Student Tuberculosis (TB) Patients (STBP-KAPQ) in China. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2018;18(213):1–10.
15. Machfoedz I, Suryani E. Pendidikan Kese-hatan Bagian dari Promosi Kesehatan. [Edi-si ke 7]. Yogyakarta: Fitramaya; 2009.
16. Nasution A, Nasution AS. Puzzle Gizi sebagai Upaya Promosi terhadap Perilaku Gizi Seimbang pada Siswa. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2020;16(1):89–99.
17. Cason KL. Evaluation of A Preschool Nutrition Education Program Based on the Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Journal of Nutrition Education. 2001;33:161–164.
18. Irnani H, Sinaga T. Pengaruh Pendidikan Gizi terhadap Pengetahuan, Praktik Gizi Seimbang dan Status Gizi pada Anak Seko-lah Dasar. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia. 2017;6(1): 58–64.
19. Rogers EM, Everett M. Diffusion of Innovations. [Third Edition]. New York: The Free Press; 1983.
20. Hamulka J, Wadolowska L, Hoffmann M, Kowalkowska J, Gutkowska K. Effect of an Education Program on Nutrition and Methodology. Nutrients. 2018;10(10):1–23.
21. Cragg L, Davies M, Macdowall W. Health Promotion Theory. [Second Edition]. London: Open University Press; 2013.
22. Unusan N, Yalcin H. Teachers’ Self-Efficacy is Related to Their Nutrition Teaching Methods. Progress in Nutrition. 2020;22(1): 84–89.
23. Metos JM, Sarnoff K, Jordan KC. Teachers’ Perceived and Desired Roles in Nutrition Education. The Journal of School Health. 2019;89(1):68-76.
24. Asakura K, Todoriki H, Sasaki S. Relationship Between Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Intake among Primary School Children in Japan: Combined Effect of Children’s and Their Guardians’ Knowledge. Journal of Epidemiology. 2017;27(10):483–491.
25. Vlieger N De, Rossum J Van, Riley N, Miller A, Collins C, Bucher T. Nutrition Education in the Australian New South Wales Primary School Curriculum: Knowledge and Attitudes of Students and Parents. Children. 2020;7(4):1–15.
26. Widodo. Strategi Peningkatan Aktivitas Jasmani Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. 2014; 20(2):281–294.
27. Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2014.
28. Jung T, Huang J, Eagan L, Oldenburg D. Influence of School-Based Nutrition Edu-cation Program on Healthy Eating Literacy and Healthy Food Choice among Primary School Children. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education. 2019; 57(2):67–81.
29. Mccaughtry N, Martin JJ, Fahlman M, Shen B. Urban Health Educators ’ Perspectives and Practices Regarding School Nutrition Edu-cation Policies. Health Education Research. 2012;27(1):69–80.
30. Vardanjani AE, Reisi M, Javadzade H, Pour ZG. The Effect of Nutrition Education on Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance about Junk Food Consumption among Students of Female Primary Schools. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2015;4:53.
31. Umer A, Kelley GA, Cottrell LE, Jr PG, Innes KE, Lilly CL. Childhood Obesity and Adult Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(683):1–24.
32. Mozaffarian D. Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity - A Comprehensive Review. Circulation. 2016;133(2):187–225.
33. De P, Chattopadhyay N. Effects of Malnutrition on Child Development: Evidence from A Backward District of India. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2019;7(3):439–445.
34. Schmitt SA, Bryant LM, Korucu I, Kirkham L, Katare B, Benjamin T. The Effects of A Nutrition Education Curriculum on Improving Young Children’s Fruit and Vegetable Preferences and Nutrition and Health Knowledge. Public Health Nutrition. 2019;22(1):28–34.
35. Li F, Yuan Y, Xu X, Chen J, Li J, He G, et al. Nutrition Education Practices of Health Teachers from Shanghai K-12 Schools: The Current Status, Barriers and Willingness to Teach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 17(1):1–16.
36. Ouedraogo O, Doudou MH, Maxime K, Denis D, Noël G, Zagré M, et al. Policy Overview of the Multisectoral Nutrition Planning Pro-cess : the Progress, Challenges, and Lessons Learned from Burkina Faso. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 2019;35(1):120–139.
37. Jeihooni AK, Heidari MS, Harsini PA, Azizinia S. Application of Precede Model in Education of Nutrition and Physical Activities in Obesity and Overweight Female High School Students. Obesity Medicine. 2019;(14).
38. Bas H, Bahar Z. Outcomes of Nutrition Knowledge and Healthy Food Choices in 5- to 6-Year-Old Children who Received a Nutrition Intervention based on Piaget’s Theory. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing. 2011;16(4):263–279.
39. Jung L, Choi J, Bang H, Shin J, Heo Y. A Comparison of Two Differential Methods for Nutrition Education in Elementary School: Lecture and Experience-Based Learning Program. Nutrition Research and Practice. 2015;9(1):87–91.
40. Jackson J. Myths of Active Learning : Edgar Dale and the Cone of Experience. Journal of the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society. 2016;20(2):51–53.
41. Indraswari SH. Pengaruh Pendidikan Gizi dengan Poster dan Kartu Gizi terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Anak tentang Gizi Seimbang di SDN Ploso I-172 Surabaya. The Indonesian Journal of Public Health. 2019;14(2):216–227.
42. Partida S, Marshall A, Henry R, Townsend J, Toy A. Attitudes Toward Nutrition and Dietary Habits and Effectiveness of Nutrition Education in Active Adolescents in a Private School Setting: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1-15.
43. Perdana F, Madanijah S, Ekayanti I. Pengembangan Media Edukasi Gizi Berbasis Android dan Website Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perilaku Tentang Gizi. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan. 2017;12(3):169–178.
44. Yoong SL, Nathan NK, Wyse RJ, Preece SJ, Williams CM, Sutherland RL, et al. Assessment of The School Nutrition Environment: A Study in Australian Primary School Canteens. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2015;49(2):215–222.
45. Swindle T, Curran GM, Johnson SL. Implementation Science and Nutrition Edu-cation and Behavior: Opportunities for Integration. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2019;51(6):763-774.
46. Dampang DP, Kustiyah L, Dwiriani CM. School Based Intervention sebagai Upaya Perbaikan Konsumsi Buah dan Sayur Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Media Kesehatan Masya-rakat Indonesia. 2018;14(3):260–267.
Authors
Dewantari, N. A., Syafiq, A., & Fikawati, S. . (2020). Menuju Literasi Gizi: Komponen Pengetahuan Gizi pada Program Edukasi Gizi Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 16(3), 375-386. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v16i3.9111
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