The journal is committed to the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record. Corrections shall be issued when a published article contains an error that affects the interpretation, indexing, or scientific accuracy of the work but does not invalidate its overall findings. Such corrections will be linked to the original article and clearly indicate the nature of the correction.

An Expression of Concern may be issued when there is credible suspicion of misconduct or unresolved issues that could affect the validity of an article, but the matter is still under investigation. This notice will be published promptly to inform readers of potential concerns without prejudicing any subsequent decisions.

Retractions are issued in cases where research is unreliable due to misconduct (such as data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism), or honest error that fundamentally undermines the findings. Retractions may also occur if there is evidence of unethical conduct or duplicate publication. The retraction notice will clearly state the reasons for retraction and will be linked to the original article, which remains part of the scholarly record but is marked as retracted.

When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in their own published work, it is their responsibility to promptly notify the journal and fully cooperate in correcting or retracting the article.

In all cases, the decision to publish Corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions will be made by the editor-in-chief, following recommendations from the COPE Retraction Guidelines and after consultation with authors, reviewers, or relevant institutions as appropriate. The goal is to ensure transparency, accountability, and the correction of the literature for the benefit of the scholarly community.