The Impact of Zipper System on Election 2024
Keywords:
Parliament, Women's Representation, Zipper SystemAbstract
Women's representation in parliament has a very important role to convey the aspirations of society in general and women in particular. After the Constitutional Court Decision No. 22-24 / PUU-VI / 2008 there was a new regulation regarding the mandatory representation of women as much as 30% in parliament. However, until the 2019 elections were held, women's representation in parliament had not reached 30%. One of which reason women representation still under 30% is zipper system used in electoral system. Zipper system is an election system by placing male and female candidates intermittently. Indonesia applied a semi-pure zipper system with a proportion of 3: 1 and not a 1: 2 system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the opportunity of implementing zipper system in the upcoming 2024 election. This research is a normative juridical research using secondary data materials which are divided into three groups, namely primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations, secondary legal materials in the form of articles and books that explain primary legal materials which are then presented qualitatively. In conclusion, looking at the pattern of Indonesian voters towards female candidates, the implementation of the zipper system with the 3:1 scheme applied in Indonesia can only increase the number of women's candidacy, not the number of electability. The dominance of young voters in the 2024 election can encourage women's electability with changes to the pure zipper system and political education about the importance of women's representation.
References
Jurnal:
Aspinall, Edward, Sally White, and Amalinda Savirani. “Women’s Political Representation in Indonesia: Who Wins and How?” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 40, no. 1 (2021): 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103421989720.
Bengtson, Andreas. “Affirmative Action in the Political Domain.” Political Studies, 2022, 003232172210953. https://doi.org/10.1177/00323217221095379.
Cahyani, Viona Budi. “Glass Ceiling Pada Perempuan Dalam Menempati Posisi Strategis Struktural Di Birokrasi Kementrian Republik Indonesia.” Repository Unair 4, no. 1 (2019): 88–100.
Fajar Rahmanto, Aulia Nur Kasiwi, Eko Priyo Purnomo, Lubna Salsabila. “Women ’ s Representation Through Political Parties in Parliament Period of General Election 2019-2024.” Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review 6, no. 3 (2021): 71–92.
Carrión-Yaguana, Vanessa, Sarah J. Carrington, and Gabriel Velástegui Moya. “Female Candidate Performance and Gender Quotas: The Case of Ecuador.” Journal of Women, Politics and Policy 44, no. 2 (2023): 152–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554477X.2022.2066390.
Hasan Sadikin, Usep. “Kesesuaian Afirmasi Perempuan Dalam Pemilu Serentak.” Jentera Jurnal Hukum 3, no. 2 (2020). http://jurnal.jentera.ac.id.
Janssen, Chloé. “Ethnicity, Gender, and Intersectionality: How Context Factors Shape the Intersectional (Dis)Advantage under Proportional Representation Rules.” Politics 42, no. 3 (2022): 289–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395721997676.
Kamuri, Johanis Putratama. “Hasrat Ekonomi Politisi Dan Penurunan Kualitas Demokrasi Indonesia Jelang Pemilu 2019.” Societas Dei 6, no. 1 (2019): 29–61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33550/sd.v6i1.108.
Mügge, Liza, Zahra Runderkamp, and Maria Kranendonk. “De Tweede Sekse in Politiek En Openbaar Bestuur: Verklaringen En Oplossingen Voor de Ondervertegenwoordiging van Vrouwen.” Democratie in Actie, 2019.
Muwahidah, Hanifa. “Representasi Politik Perempuan Partai Demokrat Dalam Pemilu Legislatif 2014 Di Sumbar.” Jurnal Demokrasi Dan Politik Lokal 1, no. 1 (2019): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.25077/jdpl.1.1.1-15.2019.
Nabila, Andi Aulia, Fildanasari, Alfandi, Arham. “Reformasi Keterwakilan Perempuan Di Parlemen Melalui Gayatri Curriculum Program Guna Meningkatkan Daya Saing Perempuan Dalam Ranah Politik.” Legislatif 2, no. 2 (2019): 100–117. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20956/jl.v2i2.10223.
Oktaviani, Amelia, and Megawati Megawati. “Quo Vadis Kebijakan Affirmative Action Dalam Sistem Demokrasi Di Indonesia.” Ahmad Dahlan Legal Perspective 1, no. 2 (2021): 90–111. https://doi.org/10.12928/adlp.v1i2.4730.
Pardana, Deki. “Pengaruh Media Sosial Dalam Memprediksi Partisipasi Perilaku Pemilih Pemula Pada Pemilihan Umum 2024.” At-Tariiz 1, no. 2 (2024): 274–82.
Putra, Randy pranata, Tengku Rika Valentina, and Indah Adi Putri. “Peran Kepercayaan Politik, Efikasi Politik, Dan Orientasi Kandidat Terhadap Partisipasi Politik.” Mediapsi 7, no. 2 (2021): 166–78. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.mps.2021.007.02.8.
Rahmansyah, Riza Awaludin, Dhemas Praditya, Nurani Nabilah, and Anisa Siti. “Studi Hukum Berdasarkan Tipe-Tipe Keadilan Perspektif Aristoteles.” Praxis: Jurnal Filsafat Terapan 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.11111/praxis.xxxxxxx.
Sanjaume-Calvet, Marc, Joan-Josep Vallbé, and Marina Muñoz-Puig. “Can Women Take the Floor in Parliament? Evidence from the Spanish Lower Chamber.” Women’s Studies International Forum 97, no. January 2022 (2023): 102694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2023.102694.
Soetjipto, Ani. “Gender , Election , and Women ’ S Parliamentary Representation : Analysis of the 2019 General Election.” 「東アジアにおけるジェンダーと政治」Booklet Series 3 （IGS Project Series 19 3 (2019): 24–52. https://www2.igs.ocha.ac.jp/ips-19/.
Umagapi, Juniar Laraswanda. “Representasi Perempuan Di Parlemen Hasil Pemilu 2019: Tantangan Dan Peluang,” 2020, 19–34.
Buku:
Aziz, Asmaeny. Dilema Keterwakilan Perempuan Dalam Parlemen. Yogyakarta: Rangkang Education, 2013.
Budhiati, Ida. Mahkamah Konstitusi Dan Kepastian Hukum Pemilu. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2020.
Effendy, Mohammad. Hukum Kepemiluan & Format Sistem Kepartaian. Yogyakarta: Thems Publishing, 2022.
Elizabeth, Misbah Zulfa. Resistensi Perempuan Parlemen. Depok: LP3ES, 2019.
Fajar, Mukti, and Yulianto Ahmad. Dualisme Penelitian Hukum. Yogyakarta: pensil komunika, 2009.
Haris, Syamsuddin. Partai, Pemilu Dan Parlemen Era Reformasi. Jakarta: Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2014.
Isra, Saldi, and Khairul Fahmi. Pemilihan Umum Demokratis. Depok: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2019.
Litbang Kompas. Perempuan Dan Politik. Jakarta: Kompas, 2019.
Petra Ahrens, Katja Chmilewski, Sabine Lang, Birgit Sauer. “Gender Equality in Politics Implementing Party Quotas in Germany and Austria.” In Gender Equality in Politics Implementing Party Quotas in Germany and Austria, 17–37. Cham: Springer Briefs in Political Science, 2020.
Syafiie, Inu Kencana. Proses Legislatif. Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2014.
Disertasi:
Lundquist, Maja. “Kvinnoförbund Som Politisk Strategi En Kvalitativ Analys Av Partiers Idéer Om Hur Man Organiserar För Jämställdhet.” Tesis, Uppsala Universitet, Swedia 2020.
Novianti, Dea Prastika. “Perempuan Dan Politik (Pola Rekrutmen Partai Hanura Terhadap Calon Legislatif Perempuan Di Pemilihan Legislatif Kabupaten Pangandaran Tahun 2019).” Skripsi, Universitas Siliwangi, 2019.
Perundang-Undangan:
Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia 1945
Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 199 Hak Asasi Manusia.
Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilu
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 20/PUU-XI/2013.
Artikel Internet:
Komnas Perempuan. “Press Release IWD Dan CATAHU 2022,” 2022. Diakses pada 30 Desember 2022. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/download-file/728.
Muhamad, Nabilah. “KPU: Pemilih Pemilu 2024 Didominasi Oleh Kelompok Gen Z Dan Milenial.” Diakses pada 05 Agustus 2023. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2023/07/05/kpu-pemilih-pemilu-2024-didominasi-oleh-kelompok-gen-z-dan-milenial.
Umum, Komisi Pemilihan. “Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2018,” Diakses pada 14 Maret 2023. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/173314/peraturan-kpu-no-20-tahun-2018.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
We affirm our commitment to promoting open access to scientific research through this journal so that everyone can read, download, and use the published articles freely and without charge.
