The Relationship between Neutrophil on Lymphocyte Ratio with Clinical Stage of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20956/nmsj.v7i1.19121Abstract
Introduction: The general objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes and the clinical stage in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. While the specific goal is to know the characteristics of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Knowing the description of peripheral neutrophil levels in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Knowing the description of peripheral lymphocyte levels in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Knowing the picture of NLR at the clinical stage of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods:The target population in this study were all patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The affordable population is all patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who are undergoing treatment at. RSUP. Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo for the period July 2018 to July 2019.. Results: Based on statistical analysis of the data, this study did not find a significant relationship between the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and the clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P = 0.252), even after correcting for sex. Statistical tests were used to see whether or not there was a relationship. between these two variables is the Kruskal-Wallis test, which was chosen because it is a non-parametric comparative test for variables with more than two categories.
Conclusions: Based on statistical analysis of the data, this study did not find a significant relationship between the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and the clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P = 0.252), even after correcting for sex.
References
NIH. Carcinoma. NIH. 2021. Downloaded from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/carcinoma, September 11th 2021.
Widiastuti. Karsinoma nasofaring. Kadar Bcl-2, CD44, dan VEGF. Surakarta: Penerbitan dan Pencetakan UNS (UNS Press); 2019. h. 1-9.
Amanah NS. Faktor-faktor terjadinya karsinoma nasofaring (KNF). Wellness and Healthy Magazine. 2020; 2(1): 113-20.
Williams NS, Bulstrode CJK, O’Connell PR. Bailey & Love’s. Short practice of surgery. 26th edition. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2013. p. 681-3.
Devita Jr VT, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA. Cancer principles & practice of oncology. 11th edition. Amerika Serikat; 2019.
Wong KCW, Hui EP, Lo KW, Lam WKJ, Johnson D, Li L, et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. An evolving paradigm. Clinical Oncology. 2021: 1-17. 6
Kundu JK, Surh YJ. Inflammation. Gearing the journey to cancer. Mutat Res. 2008: 15-30.
Mantovani A, Allavena P, Sica A, Balkwill F. Cancer-related inflammation. Nature. 2008: 436-44.
Nathan C. Neutropils and immunity. Challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Immunol. 2006; 6(3): 173-82.
Pham CTN. Neutrophil serine proteases. Specific regulators of inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2006; 6(7): 541-50.
Finn J. Immuno-oncology. Understanding the function and dysfunction of the immune system in cancer. Ann Oncol. 2012; 23(8): 1-4.
Fallo INY, Sidharta RA, Gunawan LS. Korelasi antara neutrophyl lyphosyte ratio dengan stadium kanker pada pasien kanker payudara. Biomedika. 2018; 11(2): 63-9. 12
Salim DK, Mutlu H, Eryilmaz MK, Salim O, Musri FY, Tural D, et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is an independent prognostic factor in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer. Molecular and Clinical Oncology. 2015;3: 839-42.
Ye X, Lu T, Bal W, Jia J, Wang L, Zong J, et al. Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil count, and VEGF on metastasis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Research Square. 2016: 1-16.
Kartika OD, Purwanto B, Dewi YA. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio within clinical staging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. AMJ. 2019; 6(4): 176-80.
TakenakaY, Kitamura T, Oya R, Ashida N, Shimzu K, Takemura K, et al. Prognostic role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A metaanalysis. Plus One. 2017: 3-12.
Brunicardi C, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Matthews JB, e al. Schwartz’s principles of surgery. 10th edition. New York: McGraw Hll; 2015. p. 593-4.
NIH. National cancer institute. NIH. 2021. Downloaded from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/nasopharyngeal-cancer, September 11th 2021.
Stricker TP, Kumar V. Neoplasia. In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Aster JC. Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. 8th edition. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2010.
Yoshizaki T, Kondo S, Wakisaka N, Murono S, Endo K, Sugimoto H, et al. Pathogenic role of epstein-barr virus latent membrane protein-1 in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 2013; 337: 1-7.
Tsao SW, Yip YL, Tsang CM, Pang PS, Lau VMY, Zhang G, et al. Etiological factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oral oncol. 2014; 50 :330-8.
Petersson F. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A review. Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology. 2015; 32: 54-73.
Komite Penanggulangan Kanker Nasional. Panduan penatalaksanaan kanker nasofaring. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2017. h. 1-4, 8,9.
Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D. Pathology and genetics of head and neck tumours. 3rd edition. Volume 9. Switzerland: WHO; 2005. p. 163-75.
Barnes L. Surgical pathology of the head and neck. 3rd edition. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2009. p. 343-422.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Pedoman interpretasi data klinik. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2011. h. 17-8, 21-2.
Arif M. Penuntun praktikum hematologi. Makassar: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin; 2009. h. 29-30.
Pagana KD, Pagana TJ. Mosby’s manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests. Missouri: Elsevier Mosby; 2014.
Christensen RD, Baer VL, Gordon PV, Henry E, Whitaker C, Andres RL, et al. Reference ranges for lymphocyte counts of neonates: associations between abnormal counts and outcomes. Pediatrics. 2012; 129(5): 1165-72.
Jensen HG, Donskov F, Marcussen N, Nordsmark M, Lundbeck F, Maae HVD. Presence of intratumoral neutrophils is an independent prognostic factor in localized renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2009; 27(28): 4709-17.
He JR, Shen GP, Ren ZF, Qin H, Cui C, Zhang Y, et al. Pretreatment levels of peripheral neutrophils and lymphocytes as independent prognostic factors in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck. 2012; 34(12): 1769-76.
Collota F, Allavena P, Sica A, Garlanda C, Mantovani A. Cancer-related inflammation, the seventh hallmark of cance. Links to genetic instability. Carcinogenesis. 2019; 30(7): 1073-81.
Clark EJ, Connor S, Taylor MA, Madhavan KK, Garden OJ, Parks RW. Preoperative lymphocyte count as a prognostic factor in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. HPB (Oxford). 2007; 9(6): 456-60.
Wilson CB, Rowell E, Sekimata M. Epigenetic control of T-helper-cell differentiation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009; 9(2): 91-105.
Ruffel B, DeNardo DG, Affara NI, Coussens LM. Lymphocytes in cancer development. Polarization towards pro-tumor immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2010; 21(1): 3-10.
Akcay M, Etiz D, Ozen A, Saylisoy S. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and prognosis in patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer. A single-center experience. Turkish Journal of Oncology. 2019; 34(2): 92-9.
Akuntanto, Ignatius Adhi. 2014, Association of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio with Clinical Staging in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Yogyakarta: RSUP dr . Sardjito / Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Xie SH, Yu ITS, Tse LA, Mang OWK, Yue L. 2013. Sex difference in the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Hong Kong 1983-2008: Suggestion of a potential protective role of oestrogen. Eur J Cancer. 49: 150-5.
Handayani R, Dewi YA, Madani DZ. 2020. Prevalence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in the department of ORS-HNS Hasan Sadikin General Hospital 2010-2017. IJNPC. 2(1): 1-3.
Forget P, Khalifa C, Defour JP, Latinne D, Pel MCV, Kock MD. 2017. What is the normal value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio? BMC Res Notes. 10(12).
Adham M, Kurniawan AN, Muhtadi AI, Roezin A, Hermani B, Gondhowiardjo S, Tan IB, Middeldorp JM. 2012. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Indonesia: Epidemiology, incidence, signs, and symptoms at presentation. Chin J Cancer. 31(4): 185-96.
Mishra P, Pandey CM, Singh U, Gupta A, Sahu C, Keshri A. 2019. Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Ann Card Anaesth. 22(1): 67-72.
Chen C, Wu JB, Jiang H, Gao J, Chen JX, Pan CC, Shen LJ, Chen Y, Chang H, Tao YL, Li XH, Wu PH, Xia YF. 2018. A prognostic score for nasopharyngeal carcinoma with bone metastasis: Development and validation from multicenter. J Cancer. 9(5): 797-806.
Li AC, Xiao WW, Shen GZ, Wang L, Xu AA, Cao YQ, Huang SM, Lin CG, Han F, Deng XW, Zhao C. 2015. Distant metastasis risk and patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the era of IMRT: Long-term results and benefits of chemotherapy. Oncotarget. 6(27): 24511-21.
Sambasivaiah, K., Kumaraswamy, R., Rao, S., Phaneendra, B.V., Ay, S.K.L., Sarma, K.V.S. 2005. Blood Cell Types and Cytokines Patterns in Solid Tumours Patients. Indian J Pediatr Oncology. 26(2): 2005. 19-24.
Kartika OD, Purwanto B, Dewi YA. 2019. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio within clinical staging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Althea Med J. 6(4): 176-80.
Guthrie., G.J.K., Charles, K.A., Roxburgh, C.s.d., Horgan, P.G., McMillan, D.C., Clarke, S.J. 2013. The systemic inflammation based neutrophil lymphocyte ratio: Experience in patients with cancer. Critical Review in Oncology/Hematology. 88: 218-230.
Yin J, Qin Y, Luo YK, Feng M, Lang JY. 2017. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Medicine. 96(29).
Yao JJ, Zhu FT, Dong J, Liang ZB, Yang LW, Chen SY, Zhang WJ, Lawrence WR, Zhang F, Wang SY, Sun Y, Zhou GQ. 2019. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A large institution-based cohort study from an endemic area. BMC Cancer. 19(37)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Nusantara Medical Science Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
