Comparison of Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio Before and After Chemotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Histopathology
Aksmitayani Aksmitayani, Abdul Kadir, Muhammad Fajar Perkasa, Abdul Qadar Punagi
Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a non-lymphomatous squamous cell carcinoma in the nasopharyngeal epithelial layer which can be classified into three categories with different prognosis based on histopathological examination. This study aimed to compare platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in NPC patients before and after chemotherapy based on histopathological type. Method: this cohort study recorded data from medical records. The histopathological type, chemotherapy regimen, clinical stage, and PLR of NPC patients were recorded and compared before and after therapy using paired T-test and Wilcoxon test. The prognostic strength of PLR and the value of the cut-off point was determined by looking at the Area Under Curve (AUC) value using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve method. Results: A total of 44 NPC patients received chemotherapy for three cycles, including 21 patients with NPC type-2 and 23 patients with NPC type-3. There were significant differences in the average PLR before and after undergoing three cycles of chemotherapy in type III NPC (p=0.023). At the same time, there were no statistically significant differences in type-II NPC (p=0.131). The prognostic ability of pre-chemotherapy PLR in assessing disease progression in type II NPC was good (AUC=0.763) with 100.0% sensitivity and 73.68% specificity. In type III NPC, the prognostic ability of PLR was very good (AUC 0.881) with 100% sensitivity value and 76.19% specificity. Conclusion: A significant PLR decrease was obtained after the 3rd cycle of chemotherapy in type III NPC following brexel-cisplatin regimen but not in type II NPC. This is probably due to the use of a cisplatin therapy regimen that is more responsive to type III NPC. In addition, examining PLR value before undergoing chemotherapy can be a predictor in assessing disease progression in type III NPC patients.
Malignant Melanoma of Anorectal: A Report of Two Cases
Muhammad Ihwan Kusuma, Samuel Sampetoding, Ferdinandes Ferdinandes, Muhammad Faruk
Introduction and importance:Occurring in only 1% of cases of anorectal malignancy, malignant melanoma generally appears in the fifth and sixth decades of life, with complaints of anorectal bleeding or pain. The prognosis is generally poor. Although anorectal melanoma currently lacks a recommended treatment, surgery alone remains the primary modality treatment, the role of adjuvant therapy is generally minimal, and survival rate improves with early diagnosis.
Presentation of case : Here, we report two cases of a rare malignant melanoma in the rectum treated with abdominoperineal resection and local excision. The first case is a 60-year-old man with a history of defecating bloody stool and the appearance of a lump on the anal opening. The abdominoperineal resection was performed followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The second case is a 51-year-old woman with a similar complaint and clinical finding with the first case. The second case was treated with a tumor excision procedure followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. However, the lump was recurrence after 7 months of prior tumor excision.
Discussion:Surgical resection of anorectal melanoma is debatable. While surgical resection is still the most common treatment option, there is no agreement on whether abdominoperineal resection or local excision is the best option. Conclusions:The abdominoperineal resection may offer a lower recurrence probability than that of tumor excision alone. However, further study is required to provide evidence-based surgical treatment
The Examination of Olfactory Function and Mucocilliary Transport in Gas Station Officers in Makassar, Indonesia
Rahmat Hidayat, Eka Savitri, Muhammad Fadjar Perkasa, Abdul Qadar Punagi
Introduction: Chronic exposure to fuel oil can cause chemical burns to the olfactory epithelium, which can cause anosmia. This study aimed to compare mucociliary transport time and olfactory function between operator and non-operator officers at gas stations. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2020 and involved 40 subjects divided into two equal groups each consisting of 20 gas station operators and non-operators, respectively. The examination of mucociliary transport time was carried out by saccharin test, while the olfactory function was examined by assessing e olfactory threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) score using the Sniffin sticks test. Results: There was a significant difference in the mean mucociliary transport time and olfactory function between gas station operators and non-operators (P<0.001). In addition, there was also a significant correlation between the mucociliary transit time and olfactory function (p<0.05), with a strong negative correlation coefficient (r=-0.620). Therefore, the longer the mucociliary transit time, the gas station attendant's olfactory function will decrease. Conclusion: mucociliary transport time and olfactory function in non-operator public gas station officers were better than operators, probably because inhalation of chemical pollutants induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines, chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa results in impaired olfactory cells and mucin glands.
Survivability Rates Based on Molecular Subtype, Stage and Metastasis of 36 months cohort in Breast Cancer Patients
Adi Wijayanto, John S. L. A. Pieter, P. Prihantono, Salman Ardy Syamsu, Nilam Smaradhania...
Introduction: Breast cancer treatment is carried out at the early stage of the disease, and a comprehensive assessment of the subtype, stage, and incidence of metastases is required. This study aims to determine breast cancer patients' overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) based on subtype, stage, and incidence of metastases. Methods: An observational analytic study with a retrospective cohort design was performed on eligible breast cancer patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from 2016 to 2019. Univariate analysis, and the Kaplan-Meier survival log-rank method (Mantel-Cox), were used to determine differences in survivability rates (OS and DFS) based on subtype, stage, and incidence of metastases. Results: A total of 172 breast cancer patients from 32 years to 84 years with a mean age of 53.5 years. The most subtypes were Luminal A (34.9%) patients, and the least was Luminal B (15.7%) patients. A total of 85 (49.4%) patients survived during these three years, while 87 (50.6%) died. Based on the results of statistical tests in this study, there were no significant differences between the subtypes with DFS and OS, but on the contrary, there was a significant difference between the stage and incidence of metastases with OS and DFS (p<0.05). Conclusions: There were no statistically significant differences between the subtypes with OS and DFS. This study showed a significant difference between the stage and incidence of metastases with OS and DFS
Introduction: Awareness of Indonesian people in maintaining dental and oral health is low, proved by an increase in the percentage of dental and oral health problems by 2.7%. Caries is a dental and oral health problem that occurs in many children. The main cause of dental caries is Streptococcus mutans. To solve this problem, it is necessary to use herbal mouthwash made from a combination of Camellia sinensis and Mentha piperita extract as an antibacterial against Streptococcus mutans. Methods: Mouthwash is made through several processes namely plant determination, extraction, and mouthwash making. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is determined by diluted methods, Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) is determined by the agar streaking method, and colony tests are calculated using colony counters. Results: The result of plant determination showed the plants in this study were Camellia sinensis and Mentha piperita. At a concentration of 6.25%, no growth of bacteria in each repetition with the number of colonies 0 CFU / ml. While at a concentration of 3.125% found the average number of colonies 13 CFU / ml. Conclusions: Based on good MIC and MBC results, mouthwash containing Camellia sinensis and Mentha piperita has been shown to kill and inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria
The Relationship between Neutrophil on Lymphocyte Ratio with Clinical Stage of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients
Nur Fadhila Kurnia , Abdul Qadar Punagi
Introduction: The general objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes and the clinical stage in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. While the specific goal is to know the characteristics of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Knowing the description of peripheral neutrophil levels in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Knowing the description of peripheral lymphocyte levels in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Knowing the picture of NLR at the clinical stage of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods:The target population in this study were all patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The affordable population is all patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who are undergoing treatment at. RSUP. Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo for the period July 2018 to July 2019.. Results: Based on statistical analysis of the data, this study did not find a significant relationship between the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and the clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P = 0.252), even after correcting for sex. Statistical tests were used to see whether or not there was a relationship. between these two variables is the Kruskal-Wallis test, which was chosen because it is a non-parametric comparative test for variables with more than two categories.
Conclusions: Based on statistical analysis of the data, this study did not find a significant relationship between the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and the clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P = 0.252), even after correcting for sex.
Microbial Pattern and Sensitivity Analysis of Otitis Externa Patients in Makassar, Indonesia
Joy Tobing, Riskiana Djamin, Sutji Pratiwi Rahardjo
Introduction: Globally, the cases of otitis externa were increased, followed by the incidence of antimicrobial resistance. Several factors, such as untrained medical health personnel and unprescribed antibiotics, are thought to play a major role in this phenomenon. This study aims to determine the bacterial patterns and antimicrobial sensitivity in otitis externa patients in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to February 2021 at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo and Health Laboratory Center, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. There were in total 33 subjects with otitis externa participating in this study. The secretion from the outer ear canal was taken and cultured using Mac Conkey agar for bacteriological examination and Vitek 2 for antimicrobial sensitivity. This study assessed age, sex, and type of otitis externa. All data analyses used SPSS version 26.00 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York). Bacteria patterns and otitis externa were analyzed using the Fisher test. Results: Fourteen cases (42.4%) were caused by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Most Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, and meropenem. Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus capitis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Aerobic bacteria in otitis externa were sensitive to antimicrobials (p<0.023). Conclusion: Gram-negative aerobic bacteria were common causes of otitis externa, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most common isolated bacteria. Ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, and meropenem were sensitive antimicrobials for otitis externa.
