Analysis of Distribution Channels and Performance of the Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Marketing System in Wonosalam Subdistrict Jombang Regency East Java
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Abstract
Abstract
Durian is Indonesia's leading horticultural commodity with an average production growth of 19.04% per year. However, the characteristics of durian, which is perishable with a shelf life of 4-6 days, price instability, and the dominance of collectors create an uneven distribution of profits that is detrimental to farmers in Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency. This study analyzes the marketing channel structure, marketing system performance, and their relationship using the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) approach. The research method is descriptive quantitative with a sample of 31 farmers (Slovin formula, 5% error), 10 middlemen, and 20 retailers (snowball sampling). The analysis covers market share, CR4, MES, marketing margin, farmer's share, and marketing efficiency. The results show an oligopsony market structure with a market share of 77.84% for collectors, 19.28% for retailers, and 2.90% for farmers. The CR4 for collectors is 5.27% and for retailers is 6.25% (weak concentration). The MES for collectors is 1% and for retailers is 0.3% (easy barriers to entry). There are two marketing channels: channel I margin is IDR 7,500/fruit, channel II margin is IDR 8,500/fruit. Farmer's share in channel I is 78.26%, channel II is 62.79% (efficient >50%). Channel I marketing efficiency is 5.9%, channel II is 11.7% (efficiency <50%). The oligopsonistic durian market makes farmers price takers with weak bargaining power, therefore government policy is needed so that margin distribution can be more equitable.
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