Transforming Global Food Security Policy: From the Green Revolution to the Genomic Era
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Abstract
This study aims to: (1) analyze the epistemological shift from the Green Revolution to the
Genomic Revolution in the global food system; (2) examine the opportunities and threats posed
by genomic technologies to food security, particularly in the context of ecological and social
justice; (3) explore the responses and strategies of countries such as Brazil, India, Rwanda, and
Indonesia in dealing with genomic transformation; and (4) propose a conceptual and ethical
framework for positioning genomics as a tool for community empowerment rather than merely
a corporate technology. Employing a political ecology approach, literature review, and
comparative case analysis, the study finds that the Genomic Revolution signifies a transition from
the statistical-population paradigm of the Green Revolution to a more precise, adaptive paradigm
of systemic biology. While genomics offers opportunities for increasing productivity, climate
resilience, and nutritional quality, it also raises serious concerns over biogenetic data
privatization, the marginalization of smallholder farmers, and corporate control over genetic
resources. The case studies reveal that Brazil successfully integrates genomics and agroecology
within a communitarian legal framework; India asserts resistance to transgenic seeds through
participatory breeding; Rwanda incorporates genomics into nutrition interventions using open
data; whereas Indonesia still faces institutional fragmentation and weak protection of local
knowledge. These findings suggest that the success of the Genomic Revolution in promoting just
and sustainable food security depends heavily on ethical governance and policy frameworks that
ensure community rights to data, seeds, and scientific decision-making.
Keywords: Genomic Revolution; Food Security; Epistemology; Ecological Justice; Political
Ecology.
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