EFEK SAMPING OBAT PADA PENGOBATAN TUBERKULOSIS RESISTEN OBAT GANDA
Keywords:
Tuberkulosis Resisten Obat Ganda (TB ROG), Efek Samping Obat, Rejimen, Tuberkulosis Resisten Obat Ganda (TB ROG), Efek Samping Obat, Rejimen.Abstract
Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan permasalahan serius di dunia kesehatan. Sebanyak 10,6 juta dari populasi dunia menderita TB pada tahun 2021 dan 1,6 juta meninggal karena TB. Penyebab utama TB yaitu Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang sering menyerang paru-paru. Penggunaan Obat Anti-Tuberkulosis (OAT) merupakan andalan dalam pengobatan tuberkulosis. Tuberkulosis resisten obat ganda (TB ROG) merupakan penyakit yang resisten terhadap setidaknya dua obat yaitu (rifampisin dan isoniazid) serta membutuhkan pengobatan relatif lama dengan beberapa obat lini kedua. Obat tersebut dapat menimbulkan efek samping yang mengakibatkan kegagalan pengobatan. Tinjauan naratif ini menyajikan informasi ilmiah mengenai kejadian, jenis efek samping dan OAT yang menimbulkan efek samping pada TB ROG sehingga dapat bermanfaat dalam penatalaksanaan TB ROG. Studi review naratif ini dikembangkan dari database elektronik PubMed pada perisode 2012-2022. Dari sumber informasi yang diperoleh, kami mengidentifikasi dua rejimen yang umum digunakan, yaitu rejimen jangka panjang/long term regimen (LTR) dan rejimen jangka pendek/short term regimen (STR). Analisis terhadap sumber informasi yang ada menunjukkan beragam kejadian efek samping obat (ESO) pada rejimen STR yaitu gangguan pendengaran karena aminoglikosida (63%), perpanjangan interval QTc karena clofazimine (33,3%), dan neuropati perifer karena bedaquiline (56,3%). Sedangkan, pada rejimen LTR, ESO berupa neuritis perifer (81%) dan gangguan saluran cerna (33,60%) karena linezolid, serta kerusakan hati (31,8%) dan perubahan warna kulit (22,7%) karena clofazimine. Beragam penanganan ESO dideskripsikan, antara lain melalui penurunan dosis rejimen, pergantian rejimen obat maupun penghentian obat. Tingginya kejadian ESO pada TB ROG mendorong perlunya manajemen ESO TB ROG yang adekuat untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan pengobatan pada pasien TB ROG.References
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