Analysis of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Usage in Enhancing Occupational Safety on Board KM. Pantokrator

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Published: 2026-10-04
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62012/db5db966
Keywords:
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), Occupational Safety, PPE Implementation, Crew Compliance, Safety Culture, Maritime Operations, Risk Factors

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Fildzah Nadhilah
Nautical Department, Merchant Marine Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia
Subehana Rachman
Nautical Department, Merchant Marine Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia
Andi Muh Akbar Saputra
Nautical Department, Merchant Marine Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

This study examines Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) compliance during ship docking activities on board KM. Pantokrator and identifies factors influencing its implementation. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed during a 12-month sea-practice period from August 2024 to August 2025, with primary observations conducted during the vessel’s docking and maintenance activities at JMI II Semarang from October to December 2024. Data were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with four informants comprising a Third Officer, Bosun, Able Seaman, and Kasap, and supporting documentation. The data were analyzed through qualitative coding supported by NVivo and validated through triangulation of observation, interview, and documentary evidence. The findings show that PPE compliance was inconsistent across work activities, particularly during maintenance tasks such as chipping, painting, grinding, cleaning, and work at height. PPE use was influenced by personal awareness, comfort, supervision, equipment availability, and work culture. Documentary evidence also indicated limitations in PPE availability and procurement fulfillment. Compliance tended to improve when supervision was present but was less consistent during routine work without direct monitoring. The study concludes that improving PPE compliance requires more than providing equipment; it requires systematic supervision, adequate PPE stock management, timely procurement, and reinforcement of a safety culture in shipboard work practices.

Article Details

Issue

Volume 5, Issue 3, 2026

Section

Marine Transportation and Port Management
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Author Biographies

Subehana Rachman, Nautical Department, Merchant Marine Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia

Subehana Rachman is a lecturer and Head of the Nautical Study Program at Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Makassar, Indonesia. His research interests include maritime safety, ship management, and occupational health and safety in maritime operations.

Andi Muh Akbar Saputra, Nautical Department, Merchant Marine Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia

Andi Muh. Akbar Saputra is a lecturer at Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Makassar, Indonesia. His research focuses on maritime operations, safety management systems, and seafarer performance.

How to Cite

Analysis of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Usage in Enhancing Occupational Safety on Board KM. Pantokrator. (2026). Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society, 511-526. https://doi.org/10.62012/db5db966

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