KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) BERDASARKAN FAKTOR IKLIM DI KOTA TERNATE
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Abstract
Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di Di Kota Ternate. Data Dinas Kesehatan Kota Ternate menjelaskan bahwa penyebaran DBD di Kota Ternate dikategorikan dalam 4 kelurahan endemis, 16 kelurahan sporadic dan 43 kelurahan potensial. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara faktor iklim dengan kejadian DBD di Kota Ternate. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 3 persamaan dengan kombinasi faktor iklim yang berbeda, yaitu curah hujan, suhu dan kelembaban. Setiap persamaan mempertimbangkan lagtime 1 dan 2, analisis menggunakan program minitab statistical software 16.0 dan SPPS 17. Rata-rata kejadian DBD selama 8 tahun adalah 109 kasus dengan kejadian terendah 32 kasus pada tahun 2012 dan tertinggi 216 pada tahuan 2010. Hasil analisis statistik diketahui bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara kejadian DBD dengan curah hujan dengan nilai r=0,0009;p=0,993˃p0,05 serta kelembaban dengan nilai r=0,064;p=0,543˃p0,05, tetapi terdapat hubungan antara suhu dan kejadian DBD dengan nilai r=0,267;p=0,008˂p0,05 selama periode tahun2007-2014. Hasil analisis prediksi kejadian DBD di Kota Ternate pada bulan Juli yang dipengaruhi oleh suhu dengan nilai r=0,92;p=0,001˂p0,05 dan kelembaban dengan nilai r=0,97;p=0,001˂p0,05 satu bulan sebelumnya, sedangkan curah hujan sebelumnya tidak memberikan hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kejadian DBD. Kejadian DBD bulan Februari, Maret, April, Mei, Juni, Oktober dan November dipengaruhi oleh satu bulan sebelumnya dengan kisaran nilai r=0,55 - 0,95.
References
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24. Chen SC, Liao CM, Chio CP, Chou HH, You SH, Cheng YH: Lagged Temperature Effect with Mosquito Transmission Potential Explains Dengue Variability in Southern Taiwan: Insights from a Statistical Analysis. Sci Total Environ. 2010;408:4069-4075.
25. Corwin A, Larasati R, Bangs M, Wuryadi S, Arjoso S, Sukri N, Listyaningsih E, Hartati S, Namursa R, Anwar Z . Epidemic Dengue Transmission in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2001;(95):257-265.
26. Patz JA, Epstein PR, Burke TA, Balbus JM.Global Climate Change and Emerging Infectious Diseases. JAMA. 1996;275:217–223.
27. Dinkes Provinsi Maluku Utara. Profil Kesehatan Maluku Utara Tahun 2006. Sofifi: Dinas Kesehatan Maluku Utara; 2007.
28. Dinkes Kota Ternate. Profil Kesehatan Kota Ternate Tahun 2013.Ternate : Dinas Kesehatan Kota Ternate; 2014.
29. Ariati dan Musadad 2012. Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) dan Faktor Iklim di Kota Batam, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan.2012;11(4):279 – 286.
30. Sintorini MM. Pengaruh Iklim Terhadap Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional.2007;2(1):21-32.
31. Kemenkes RI. Ekologi dan Aspek Perilaku Vektor. Jakarta : Departemen Kesehatan RI. Dit.Jen.PP & PL. RI ; 2007.
32. Su GL. Correlation of Climatic Factors and Dengue Incidence in Metro Manila, Philip- pines. Ambio. 2008;37(4):292-294.
33. Gharbi M, Quene P, Gustave J, Cassadou S, La Ruche G, Girdary L and Laurence Marrama L. Time Series Analysis of Dengue Incidence in Guadeloupe, French West Indies: Forecasting Models Using Climate Variables as Predik- tors. BMC Infectious Diseases.2011;11:166.
34. Boewono DT, Widiarti dan Ristianto. Analisis Spasial Distribusi Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Kota Bontang, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan.2012;40(3):100-108.
35. Sungkar S. Pemberantasan Demam Berdarah Dengue: Sebuah Tantangan yang Harus Dijawab. Maj. Kedokt. Indon. 2007;57(6):167-170.
36. EHP. Dengue Reborn Widespread Resurgence of A Resilient Vector. Environmental Health Perspectives.2008 9:116.
37. Soedarmo S.P. Demam Berdarah Dengue pada Anak. UI Press. Indonesia. P.236.1983.
38. Depkes RI. Survai Entomologi Demam Berdarah Dengue. Jakarta : Departemen Kesehatan RI. Ditjen P2M & PL;2007.
39. Hasym H. Analisis Spasial Demam Berdarah Dengue di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Pembangunan Manusia. 2009;9(3):1-11.
40. Lu, L.; Lin, H.L.; Tian, L.W.; Yang, W.Z.; Sun, J.M.; Liu, Q.Y. Time Series Analysis of Den- gue Fever and Weather in Guangzhou, China. BMC Public Health. 2009; 9:395–399.
41. Fan CJ, Wei W, Bai Z, Fan C, Li S, Liu Q, and Yang K. A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Dengue Risk with Temperature. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2015;12:1-15.
42. Ariati J dan Anwar A. 2014. Model Prediksi Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Berdasarkan Faktor Iklim di Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat. Bul. Penelit. Kesehat. 2014;42(4):249-256.
43. Hopp MJ, Folley JA. Global-Scale Relationship Between Climaate and the Dengue Fever Vector, Aedes aegypti. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2001; 48: 441-463.
2. Lei HY, Yeh TM, Liu HS, Lin YS, Chen SH, end Liu CC. Immunopathogenesis of Dengue Virus Infection. J Biomed Sci. 2001;(8):377–388.
3. Depkes RI. Perilaku Hidup Nyamuk Aedes aegypti Sangat Penting Diketahui dalam Melakukan Kegiatan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk Termasuk Pemantauan Jentik Berkala. Bulletin Harian;2004.
4. WHO. Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. Geneva : World Health Organization;2009.
5. Kemenkes RI. Modul Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue. Jakarta . Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Direktorat Jendral Pengendalian dan Penyehatan Lingkungan;2011.
6. Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue di Indonesia. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan RI.Dit.Jen.PP &PL. Indonesia; 2015.
7. Sukohar A. Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD),Medula.2014;2(2):1-10.
8. Lin, C.H and Wen, T.H. Using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to Explore Spatial Varying Relationships of Immature Mosquitoes and Human Densities with the Incidence of Dengue. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health.2011; 8:2798-2815.
9. Sivanathan MMAP. The Ecology and Biology Of Aedes aegypti (L.) AND Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (DIPTERA: Culicidae) and The Resistance Status Of Aedes albopictus (Field Strain) Against Organophosphates In Penang, Malaysia [Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science].2006.
10. Thavara U, Tawatsin A, and Chompoosri J. Evaluation of Attractants and Egg-Iying Substrate Preference for Oviposition by Aedes albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae). J of Vec. Ecol.2004;29(1): 66 – 72.
11. Rey JR. and O’Connell SM. Oviposition by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: Influence of Congeners and of Oviposition Site Characteristics. J. of Vec. Ecol.2014;39(1):190-196.
12. Dieng H, Saifur RG, Hassan AA., Salmah MR., Boots M., Satho T. Indoor Breeding of Aedes Albopictus in Northern Peninsular Malaysia and its Potential Epidemiological Implications. PLoS One.2010; 5(7):e11790.
13. Honorio NA, Castro MG, Monteiro de Barros FS, Magalhaes Monica de Avelar F M dan Sabroza PC. The Spatial Distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aede albopictus in a Transition Zone, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cad. Saude Publica. Rio de Janeiro. 2009;25(6):1203-1214.
14. Passos RA, Marques GRAM, Voltolini JC, Condino MLF. Dominance of Aedes aegyp- ti over Aedes albopictus in the Southeastern Coast of Brazil. Rev Saude Publica. 2003; 37:729-734.
15. Juliano SA, Lounibos LP, O’Meara GF. A Field Test for Competitive Effects of Aedes albopictus on A. aegypti in South Florida: Differences between Sites of Coexistence and Exclusion? Oecologia. 2004;139: 583-593.
16. Honório NA, Cabello PH, Codeço CT, Lourenço de Oliveira R. Preliminary Data on the Performance of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Immatures Developing in Water filled Tires in Rio de Janeiro. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz.2006;101: 225-228.
17. Brisbois BW and Ali SH. Climate Change, Vector Borne Disease and Interdisciplinary Research: Social Science Perspectives on an Environment and Health Controversy. Eco Health. 2010;(7):425-438.
18. Dini AMV., Rina N. dan Wulandari RA. Faktor Iklim dan Angka Insiden Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kabupaten Serang, Makara Kesehatan. 2010;14(1);31-38.
19. Pham H.V., Doan H.T.M., Phan T.T.T., and Mint N.N.T. Ecological Factors Associated with Dengue Fever in a Central Highlands Province, Vietnam. BMC Infectious Diseases.
2011;11(172):1-6.
20. Focks D, Alexander N, Villegas E. Multicountry Study of Aedes aegypti Pupal Productivity Survey Methodology: Findings and Recommendations. Dengue bulletin WHO 2007;(31):192-200.
21. Nakhapakorn K and Tripathi NK. 2005. An Information Value Based Analysis of Physical and Climatic Factors Affecting Dengue Fever and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Incidence. International Journal of Health Geographisc.2005; 4:13.
22. Arcari P, Tapper N, Pfueller S: Regional Variability in Relationships between Climate and Dengue/DHF in Indonesia. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography. 2007; 28:251-272.
23. Burattini M, Chen M, Chow A, Coutinho F, Goh K, Lopez L, Ma S, Massad E: Modelling the Control Strategies Against Dengue in Singapore. Epidemiology and Infection. 2007;136:309-319.
24. Chen SC, Liao CM, Chio CP, Chou HH, You SH, Cheng YH: Lagged Temperature Effect with Mosquito Transmission Potential Explains Dengue Variability in Southern Taiwan: Insights from a Statistical Analysis. Sci Total Environ. 2010;408:4069-4075.
25. Corwin A, Larasati R, Bangs M, Wuryadi S, Arjoso S, Sukri N, Listyaningsih E, Hartati S, Namursa R, Anwar Z . Epidemic Dengue Transmission in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2001;(95):257-265.
26. Patz JA, Epstein PR, Burke TA, Balbus JM.Global Climate Change and Emerging Infectious Diseases. JAMA. 1996;275:217–223.
27. Dinkes Provinsi Maluku Utara. Profil Kesehatan Maluku Utara Tahun 2006. Sofifi: Dinas Kesehatan Maluku Utara; 2007.
28. Dinkes Kota Ternate. Profil Kesehatan Kota Ternate Tahun 2013.Ternate : Dinas Kesehatan Kota Ternate; 2014.
29. Ariati dan Musadad 2012. Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) dan Faktor Iklim di Kota Batam, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan.2012;11(4):279 – 286.
30. Sintorini MM. Pengaruh Iklim Terhadap Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional.2007;2(1):21-32.
31. Kemenkes RI. Ekologi dan Aspek Perilaku Vektor. Jakarta : Departemen Kesehatan RI. Dit.Jen.PP & PL. RI ; 2007.
32. Su GL. Correlation of Climatic Factors and Dengue Incidence in Metro Manila, Philip- pines. Ambio. 2008;37(4):292-294.
33. Gharbi M, Quene P, Gustave J, Cassadou S, La Ruche G, Girdary L and Laurence Marrama L. Time Series Analysis of Dengue Incidence in Guadeloupe, French West Indies: Forecasting Models Using Climate Variables as Predik- tors. BMC Infectious Diseases.2011;11:166.
34. Boewono DT, Widiarti dan Ristianto. Analisis Spasial Distribusi Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Kota Bontang, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan.2012;40(3):100-108.
35. Sungkar S. Pemberantasan Demam Berdarah Dengue: Sebuah Tantangan yang Harus Dijawab. Maj. Kedokt. Indon. 2007;57(6):167-170.
36. EHP. Dengue Reborn Widespread Resurgence of A Resilient Vector. Environmental Health Perspectives.2008 9:116.
37. Soedarmo S.P. Demam Berdarah Dengue pada Anak. UI Press. Indonesia. P.236.1983.
38. Depkes RI. Survai Entomologi Demam Berdarah Dengue. Jakarta : Departemen Kesehatan RI. Ditjen P2M & PL;2007.
39. Hasym H. Analisis Spasial Demam Berdarah Dengue di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Pembangunan Manusia. 2009;9(3):1-11.
40. Lu, L.; Lin, H.L.; Tian, L.W.; Yang, W.Z.; Sun, J.M.; Liu, Q.Y. Time Series Analysis of Den- gue Fever and Weather in Guangzhou, China. BMC Public Health. 2009; 9:395–399.
41. Fan CJ, Wei W, Bai Z, Fan C, Li S, Liu Q, and Yang K. A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Dengue Risk with Temperature. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2015;12:1-15.
42. Ariati J dan Anwar A. 2014. Model Prediksi Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Berdasarkan Faktor Iklim di Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat. Bul. Penelit. Kesehat. 2014;42(4):249-256.
43. Hopp MJ, Folley JA. Global-Scale Relationship Between Climaate and the Dengue Fever Vector, Aedes aegypti. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2001; 48: 441-463.
Authors
Tomia, A., Hadi, U. K., Soviani, S., & Retnani, E. (2017). KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) BERDASARKAN FAKTOR IKLIM DI KOTA TERNATE. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 12(4), 241-249. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v12i4.1544
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