PENDERITA LEPRA DAN PERAN PERAWAT TERKAIT STIGMA PADA PENDERITA LEPRA: STUDI FENOMENOLOGI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v13i3.2642Keywords:
Peran perawat, stigma, pasien lepraAbstract
Penderita lepra kerap mendapat stigma yang menyebabkan mereka ditolak di tengah masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguraikan stigma yang dialami oleh penderita lepra dan usaha perawat dalam memberikan edukasi dan advokasi bagi penderita lepra terkait stigma yang mereka alami. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap tujuh perawat dan delapan pasien lepra di Rumah Sakit Donorojo, Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Empat tema yang diperoleh dari penderita lepra, yakni: 1) Respons pasien saat didiagnosis menderita lepra, 2) Sikap dan perlakuan yang dialami penderita lepra, 3) Respons terhadap stigma, dan 4) Pendapat pasien lepra terhadap pelayanan kesehatan. Empat tema yang diperoleh menurut pandangan perawat adalah: 1) Memberikan promosi kesehatan, 2) Mendukung pasien dengan lepra untuk kembali ke lingkungan masyarakat, 3) Meyakinkan masyarakat untuk menerima penderita lepra, dan 4) Memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang penyakit lepra. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bentuk stigma yang paling sering dialami oleh pasien adalah penolakan dan pengasingan. Kesimpulan, untuk mengurangi stigma pada pasien lepra, dibutuhkan kerja sama antara perawat, pasien penderita lepra, masyarakat, dan pemerintah (tokoh masyarakat).
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