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Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis merupakan permasalahan kesehatan global yang telah menjadi perhatian dunia selama beberapa tahun terakhir. Berdasarkan data WHO 10 juta orang di dunia menderita TBC dan menyebabkan 1,2 juta orang meninggal setiap tahunnya dan salah satu permasalahan yang menjadi hambatan utama dalam pemberantasan TBC adalah MDR-TB. Tujuan: Penelitian ditujukan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian MDR-TB di BBKPMM tahun 2023. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan observasional analitik dengan desain case control. Populasi penelitian adalah pasien TBC dan MDR-TB yang melakukan pengobatan pada BBKPMM. Sampel berjumlah 150 responden perbandingan 1:1, dengan 75 responden masing-masing kelompok. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Odds Ratio menggunakan SPSS. Hasil: efek samping obat berisiko 2,8 kali mengalami MDR-TB (OR=2,8, 95% CI 1,25-6,57), kepatuhan minum obat rendah berisiko 12,3 kali mengalami MDR-TB (OR=12,3, 95% CI, 4,94-30,76) dan kepatuhan sedang berisiko 2,9 kali mengalami MDR-TB (OR=2,9, 95% CI, 1,02-8,78). Sedangkan variabel pengetahuan kurang berisiko 2,8 kali mengalami MDR-TB (OR=5,7, 95% CI, 1,14-28,98) dan pengetahuan cukup merupakan faktor protektif yang tidak bermakna (OR=0,5, 95% CI, 0.08-3,56), riwayat kontak berisiko 2,2 kali mengalami MDR-TB (OR=2,2, 95% CI, 1,06-4,53), perokok aktif berisiko 4,1 kali mengalami MDR-TB (OR=4,1, 95% CI, 11,99-8,47) dan perokok pasif berisiko 2 kali mengalami MDR-TB (OR=2,0 95% CI, 1.02-3,98). Kesimpulan: Efek samping obat, kepatuhan minum obat rendah dan sedang, pengetahuan kurang, riwayat kontak dan perilaku merokok merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya MDR-TB. Diharapkan untuk pihak balai agar terus berperan aktif dalam penjaringan pasien MDR-TB dan TBC, serta meningkatkan pengobatan dan pemberian edukasi kepada pasien.
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References
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- Handayani R, Muda CAK, Sangadji NW. Knowledge Level of Multidrug Resistants Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among Commuter Train Users. Int J Nurs Heal Serv. 2021;4(6):662–8.
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References
Madjid A, Muhammad S, Andi AA, Maria IL, Abdullah T, Burbahar, et al. Effect of Knowledge and Attitude Factors on Tuberculosis Incidents in Mandar Ethnic in The District of Majene West Sulawesi. Indian J Public Heal Res Dev. 2019;10(8):1935–9.
WHO. TB day 2022 [Internet]. who. 2022 [cited 2022 Nov 8].
WHO. Global TB Report. World Health Organization 2020; 2020.
Buryanti S, Fibriana AI. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian TB MDR di Kota Semarang Factors Associated with Multi Drug Resistant TB in Semarang City. J Heal Sci ; Gorontalo J Heal Sci Community. 2021;5(1):146–54.
Kemenkes RI. TBC Akibatkan Banyak Kerugian Ekonomi. (Sehat Negeriku) Biro Komunikasi dan Pelayanan Masyarakat Kemenkes. 2019 [cited 2023 Jul 4].
Fahlafi MR, Usman S, Ismail N. Determinan Faktor Terjadinya Multidrug Resistant pada Pengobatan TB Paru ( MDR-TB ) di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr . Zainoel Abidin. SEHATRAKYAT. 2023;2(1):33–42.
Feng M, Xu YG, Zhang XY, Qiu Q, Lei SG, Li JL, et al. Risk factors of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China: A meta-analysis. Public Health Nurs. 2019;36(3):257–69.
Subchan D, Kunoli FHY. Gambaran Kejadian Efek Samping Obat ( ESO ) Dengan Kejadian Putus Obat Pada Pasien Tb Paru Di RSUD Luwuk Drug Side Effects ( ESO ) Incidence with Discontinuation of Drugs in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Luwuk Hospital Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu , Indon. Poltekita J Ilmu Kesehat. 2022;16(3):345–51.
Abdulkadir W, Djuwarno N, Rasdianah N, Hiola F. Gambaran Efek Samping Obat Antituberkulosis Pada Pasien Tuberkulosis. J Syifa Sci Clin Res. 2022;4(1):267–74.
Allué-Guardia A, García JI, Torrelles JB. Evolution of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains and Their Adaptation to the Human Lung Environment. Front Microbiol. 2021;12(February):1–21.
Wahyuni T, Cahyati WH. Multidrug Resistant Tuberkulosis (MDR-TB) Tri. HIGEIA J PUBLIC Heal Res Dev. 2020;4(Special 3):636–48.
Rajendran M, Zaki RA, Aghamohammadi N. Contributing risk factors towards the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Malaysia: A systematic review. Tuberculosis. 2020;122(March).
Madjid A, Syafar M, Arsunan AA, Maria IL. Social determinants and tuberculosis incidents on empowerment case finding in Majene district. Enferm Clin. 2020;30:136–40.
Handayani R, Muda CAK, Sangadji NW. Knowledge Level of Multidrug Resistants Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among Commuter Train Users. Int J Nurs Heal Serv. 2021;4(6):662–8.
Madjid A, Syafar M, Arsunan AA, Maria I, Abdullah MT, Russeng SS, et al. Effectiveness of Flipchart Toimprove Knowledge and Attitude about Tuberculosison Mandar Etnic in Majene District West Sulawesi. Indian J Public Heal Res Dev. 2019;10(10):1582–6.
Ranteallo RR, Palette T, Palamba A. Hubungan Karakteristik Klien Tuberkulosis Dengan Pengetahuan Tentang Multy Drugs (Mdr Tb) Di Kabupaten Toraja Utara Tahun 2021. J Ilm Kesehat Promot. 2021;6(1):1–10.
Baya B, Achenbach CJ, Kone B, Toloba Y, Dabitao DK, Diarra B, et al. Clinical risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Mali. Int J Infect Dis. 2019;81:149–55.
Shivekar SS, Kaliaperumal V, Brammacharry U, Sakkaravarthy A, Raj CKV, Alagappan C, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South India. Sci Rep . 2020;10(1):1–11.
Hartina S, Wahiduddin W, Rismayanti R. Faktor Risiko Kejadian Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik Pada Pasien Rsud Kota Makassar. Hasanuddin J Public Heal. 2021;2(2):159–71.
Saifullah A, Mallhi TH, Khan YH, Iqbal MS, Alotaibi NH, Alzarea AI, et al. Evaluation of risk factors associated with the development of MDR-and XDR-TB in a tertiary care hospital: A retrospective cohort study. PeerJ. 2021;9:1–19.
Soundararajan SS, Pavithra GB, Preeti P, Nisha B, Vengadassalapathy S, Dutta R, et al. Social Determinants and Risk Factors Associated with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Among Tuberculosis Patients in Tamilnadu – A Case-Control Study. Natl J Community Med. 2022;13(11):771–6.
Reimann M, Schaub D, Kalsdorf B, Runge C, Carballo PS, Terhalle E, et al. Cigarette smoking and culture conversion in patients with susceptible and M/XDR-TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2019;23(1):93–8.
Burusie A, Enquesilassie F, Addissie A, Dessalegn B, Lamaro T. Effect of smoking on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020;15(9 September):1–20.