Abstract
Indonesia, with its diverse ethnicities, has a meaningful culture to support children's growth and development. This study will examine ethnoparenting of Minangkabau ethnic group, termed manjujai. A qualitative approach was used, conducted in Nagari Kasang, Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra with data gathered from in-depth interviews with 20 informants, direct observation of interactions between children, parents, and extended family members. The findings reveal that manjujai serves as an effective medium for strengthening children’s character. This tradition is expressed in various forms such as chants, songs, and simple games that holistically stimulate children’s cognitive, motoric, emotional, and spiritual development. The Minangkabau's extended family system, which is based on a matrilineal structure, reinforces the effectiveness of manjujai by making early childhood caregiving a collective responsibility of the larger family network. Despite concerns about the tradition's potential extinction as a result of modernization, manjujai is still actively practiced in Nagari Kasang, demonstrating the community's social structure and collective awareness of the importance of cultural identity preservation. Thus, Minangkabau ethnoparenting in the manjujai tradition represents a sustainable caregiving practice that positively contributes to child development.
References
Ahimsa-Putra, H. S. (2006). Strukturalisme Levi-Strauss Mitos dan Karya Sastra (Cetakan Pertama). Yogyakarta: Kepel Press.
Ahmad, R. ahmad, & Anni, C. T. (2009). Psikologi Pendidikan. Semarang: UPT Unnes Press.
Almos, R., & Ladyanna, S. (2021). Leksikon Klasik pada Permainan Anak di Masyarakat Budaya Minangkabau. Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya, 23(2), 230-239, https://doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v23.n2.p230-239.2021, accessed on May 3, 2025.
Andriani, F., & Rachmawati, Y. (2022). Etnoparenting: Pengasuhan Orang Tua Perkawinan Multi Etnis. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(5), 4669–4680. 6b1b44e850feb41a675e2a0e71d0caa907f1.pdf, accessed on May 3, 2025.
Bornstein, M. H. (2017). Parenting in Acculturation: Two Contemporary Research Designs and What They Tell Us. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 195–200, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.020, accessed on May 3, 2025.
Disdikpora. (2018). Anak Belajar dari Kehidupannya | Dinas Pendidikan Pemuda dan Olahraga. https://disdikpora.bulelengkab.go.id/informasi/detail/artikel/anak-belajar-dari-kehidupannya-32, accessed on May 3, 2025.
Elfisha, M. (2023). Tokoh Adat: Perempuan Minang perlu hidupkan lagi tradisi “Manjujai.” Antara News, https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3557769/tokoh-adat-perempuan-minang-perlu-hidupkan-lagi-tradisi-manjujai, accessed on February 3, 2025.
Emzir. (2012). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif Analisis Data. Jakarta: Rajawali Pres.
Helmizar, H., Gafar, R., Sawirman, S., & Rahmy, H. (2021). Module Development of Psychosocial Stimulation Manjujai for Parenting of Stunting Children in West Sumatra. ICGCS, https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-8-2021.2316302, accessed on May 10, 2025.
Herman, & Mukhlis. (2019). Inspirational Stories in The Hikayat Prang Sabi as Character Education That Souls Jihad Aceh. Psychology and Education, 58(2), 4344–4360, https://doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2814, accessed on May 3, 2025.
Kamal, M. (2016). Penerapan Permainan Tradisional “Manjalo” Sebagai Upaya Menumbuhkan Keterampilan Sosial Anak Sejak Dini. Jurnal Educative: Journal of Educational Studies, 5(1), 51-56, https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/cakrawaladini/article/view/10496/6483, accessed on May 10, 2025.
Kistanto, N. H. (2017). Tentang Konsep Kebudayaan. Sabda: Jurnal Kajian Kebudayaan, 10(2), 1-11, https://doi.org/10.14710/sabda.10.2.%p, accessed on May 3, 2025.
Kurniati, E., Sari, N., & Nurhasanah, N. (2021). Pemulihan Pascabencana pada Anak Usia Dini dalam Perspektif Teori Ekologi. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(2), 579–587, https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i2.1026, accessed on February 10, 2024.
Mahmud. (2020). Psikologi Suatu Pengantar. Yogyakarta: Andi.
Miles, M.B. & Huberman, A.M. (1992). Metode Analisis Kualitatif. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia.
Mualifah. (2008). Psycho Islamic Smart Parenting: Pola Asuh Cerdas, Pembentuk Jiwa Besar Optimis dan Positif Anak Anak Anda). Yogyakarta: DivaPress.
Rachmawati, Y. (2020). Pengembangan Model Etnoparenting Indonesia pada Pengasuhan Anak. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), 1150–1162, https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.706, accessed on February 10, 2024.
Rahayu, S., & Herwina, H. (2022). Pengembangan Model Parenting Berbasis Manjujai. Jambura Early Childhood Education Journal, 4(2), 195–206, https://doi.org/10.37411/jecej.v4i2.1420, accessed February 10, 2024.
Rahman, M. H. (2020). Orang Tua Multi Etnik di Kota Tanjung Balai: Gaya Pengasuhan dan Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Anak Usia Dini. Awlady: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 6(2), 173-191, https://doi.org/10.24235/awlady.v6i2.6311, accessed on February 10, 2024.
Rahmawati, A. (2018). Profil Kesiapan Sekolah Anak Memasuki Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(2), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.122.01, accessed on May 5, 2024.
Riany, Y. E., Meredith, P., & Cuskelly, M. (2017). Understanding the Influence of Traditional Cultural Values on Indonesian Parenting. Marriage and Family Review, 53(3), 207–226, https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2016.1157561, accessed on February 10, 2024.
Satrianingrum, A. P., & Setyawati, F. A. (2021). Perbedaan Pola Pengasuhan Orang Tua Pada Anak Usia Dini Ditinjau Dari Berbagai Suku Di Indonesia: Kajian Literatur. Visi: Jurnal Ilmiah PTK PNF, 16(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.21009/jiv.1601.3, accessed February 10, 2024.
Senese, V. P., Bornstein, M. H., Haynes, O. M., Rossi, G., & Venuti, P. (2012). A cross-cultural comparison of mothers’ beliefs about their parenting very young children. Infant Behavior and Development, 35(3), 479–488, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2012.02.006, accessed on February 10, 2024.
Soetjningsih. (2016). Tumbuh Kembang Anak. Medan: EGC.
Sugiyono. 2012. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Sulaiman, M. R., & Halidi, R. (2019). Manjujai, Budaya Minangkabau yang Ampuh Tangkal Stunting di Sumatera Barat. Www.Suara.Com., https://www.suara.com/health/2019/11/20/073500/manjujai-budaya-minangkabau-yang-ampuh-tangkal-stunting-di-sumatera-barat?page=all, accessed on February 10, 2024.
Sumargi, A., Sofronoff, K., & Morawska, A. (2014). Parenting Practices and Parenting Programs in Indonesia: A Literature Review and Current Evidence. Indonesian Psychological Journal, 29(4), 186–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9821-3, accessed on February 10, 2024.
Syahrul, N., Suyami, S., Sumarno, S., & Ajisman, A. (2023). Manjujai : Social Functions, Local Cultural Values , and Universal Lullabies from West Sumatra, Indonesia. Migration Letters, 20(5), 340–353, https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20i5.3548, accessed on May 5, 2024.
We, A. Y., & Fauziah, P. Y. (2020). Tradisi Kearifan Lokal Minangkabau “Manjujai” Untuk Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), 1339–1351. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.660, accessed on February 10, 2024.
Yuni, S., Kurniawan, S., & Widiatmaka, P. (2024). Etnoparenting: Early Childhood Parenting in the Muslim-Malay Community in Kapuas Hulu. AlBanna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 4(1), 49–60. https://doi.org/10.24260/albanna.v4i1.2053, accessed on February 10, 2024.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia
