Collaboration after Conflict: A Lesson from Collaborative Action in Customary Land Tenure Conflicts in Lombok, Indonesia
Additional Files
Land tenure conflicts in Lombok occured due to social interactions between community and state institutions. These were triggered by the unilateral claims of some of the villagers of Bebidas who acted on behalf of indigenous communities to take back what they believed to be their ancestral land in the Mount Rinjani National Park area. This paper analyzes how stakeholders generated conflict resolution efforts that emphasized inclusive efforts by collaborative action through dialogue based on collaborative governance theory. Data were obtained from interviews with several key informants from various levels of government, as well as members of the Bebidas village community and NGO representatives. Documentation and observation were also carried out to obtain data validity over sustained data collection and analysis process. Findings show that conflict resolution resulted from a long-term process that built up from dialogues involving various stakeholders, which encouraged the emergence of Mutual Agreements and Memorandum of Understanding as milestones to end conflicts. This helped to initiate peaceful relations. Findings suggest that capacity building, promoting awareness, and technical training to support rights and livelihoods on an ongoing basis help to address conflicts rooted in knowledge imbalances. In addition, expanding conservation partnership through community empowerment and ecosystem restoration programs assist in maintaining resources and supporting economic benefits underpin ideals of sustainable longer term uses of the Rinjani.
Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008). Collaborative governance in theory and practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543–571. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum032
Bar-Tal, D. (2000). From intractable conflict through conflict resolution to reconciliation: Psychological analysis. Political Psychology, 21(2), 351–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00192
Burton, J. W. (1988). Conflict As A Political System. George Mason University.
Dhiaulhaq, A., De Bruyn, T., & Gritten, D. (2015). The use and effectiveness of mediation in forest and land conflict transformation in Southeast Asia: Case studies from Cambodia, Indonesia and Thailand. Environmental Science and Policy, 45(November), 132–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.10.009
Elfversson, E. (2016). Postprint Peace from below: Governance and peacebuilding. Journal of Modern African Studies, 54(3), 469–493. https://doi.org//dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X16000227
Emerson, K., & Nabatchi, T. (2015). Collaborative Governance regime. Georgetown University Press.
Emerson, K., Nabatchi, T., & Balogh, S. (2012). An integrative framework for collaborative governance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 22(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mur011
Fisher, J., Stutzman, H., Vedoveto, M., Delgado, D., Rivero, R., Quertehuari Dariquebe, W., Seclén Contreras, L., Souto, T., Harden, A., & Rhee, S. (2020). Collaborative Governance and Conflict Management: Lessons Learned and Good Practices from a Case Study in the Amazon Basin. Society and Natural Resources, 33(4), 538–553. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2019.1620389
Fisher, L. A., Kim, Y. S., Latifah, S., & Makarom, M. (2017). Managing forest conflicts: Perspectives of Indonesia’s forest management unit directors. Forest and Society, 1(1), 8–26. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v1i1.772
Gabay, M., & Alam, M. (2017). Forest Policy and Economics Community forestry and its mitigation potential in the Anthropocene: The importance of land tenure governance and the threat of privatization ☆. Forest Policy and Economics, 79, 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.01.011
Kalabamu, F. T. (2019). Land tenure reforms and persistence of land con fl icts in Sub-Saharan Africa – The case of Botswana. Land Use Policy, 81, 337–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.11.002
Katz, N., & McNulty, K. (1994). Conflict Resolution. Maxwell. https://www.maxwell.syr.edu/uploadedFiles/parcc/cmc/ConflictResolution NK.pdf
Kossmann, C. M., Behagel, J. H., & Bailey, M. (2016). Action and inertia in collaborative governance. Marine Policy, 72, 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.06.007
Larson, A. M. (2013). Tenure rights and access to forests: A training manual for research. CIFOR.
Larson, A. M., Brockhaus, M., Sunderlin, W. D., Duchelle, A., Babon, A., Dokken, T., Pham, T. T., Resosudarmo, I. A. P., Selaya, G., Awono, A., & Huynh, T. B. (2013). Land tenure and REDD+: The good, the bad and the ugly. Global Environmental Change, 23(3), 678–689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.02.014
Lokadata. (2019). Konflik agraria di Indonesia, 2010-2019. Lokadata. https://lokadata.beritagar.id/chart/preview/konflik-agraria-di-indonesia-2010-2019-1582192899
Lombard, M. (2016). Land conflict in peri-urban areas: Exploring the effects of land reform on informal settlement in Mexico. Urban Studies, 53(13), 2700–2720. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098015603569
Pritchard, M. F. (2016). Land Use Policy Contesting land rights in a post-conflict environment: Tenure reform and dispute resolution in the centre-West region of Côte d’ Ivoire. Land Use Policy, 54, 264–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.02.022
Purnomo, E. P., & Anand., P. (2014). The Conflict of Forest Tenure and the Emergence of Community Based Forest Management in Indonesia. Journal of Government and Politics, 5(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.2014.0003
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (1st edition). Simon & Schuster.
Riggs, R., Sayer, J., Anne, R., Sayer, J., Margules, C., & Klintuni, A. (2016). Forest tenure and conflict in Indonesia: Contested rights in Rempek Village, Lombok. Land Use Policy, 57, 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.06.002
Rokhim, R., Januari, A. D., Atik, U., Shara, S., & Rusdayanti, N. (2020). Palm oil social conflict resolution and mediation in Jambi. Cogent Social Sciences, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2020.1812831
Sahide, M. A. K., Fisher, M. R., Maryudi, A., Yee, G., Supratman, S., & Alam, S. (2019). The bureaucratic politics of conservation in governing land conflict: A typology of capacities. MethodsX, 6, 2536–2543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.10.022
Silima, T. (2016). Good Governance and Conflict Resolution in Africa. Journal of Public Administration and Development Alternatives, 1(1), 1–14. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-933727cdb
Vangen, S., & Huxham, C. (2003). Enacting Leadership for Collaborative Advantage: Dilemmas of Ideology and Pragmatism in the Activities of Partnership Managers. British Journal of Management, 14, 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2003.00393.x
Werner, W. (2018). Land tenure and governance on communal land in Namibia. The Second National Land Conference, 1–29.
Wirawan, A. B., Utama, S., Suratno, I. R., & Tambunan, J. R. (2019). Spatial Planning, Land Tenure, and Increasing Conflicts Over Land Claims in Sumatera and Kalimantan: Economic Development, Policy Dynamics, and the Pace of Investment (pp. 1–28). The Urban and Regional Development Institute (URDI).
Zartman, I. W., & Faure, G. O. (2005). Escalation and Negotitation in International Conflicts. In Escalation and Negotiation in International Conflicts (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511550584.001
Copyright (c) 2022 Forest and Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access journal which means that all contents is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher. An article based on a section from a completed graduate dissertation may be published in Forest and Society, but only if this is allowed by author's(s') university rules. The Editors reserve the right to edit or otherwise alter all contributions, but authors will receive proofs for approval before publication.
Forest and Society operates a CC-BY 4.0 © license for journal papers. Copyright remains with the author, but Forest and Society is licensed to publish the paper, and the author agrees to make the article available with the CC-BY 4.0 license. Reproduction as another journal article in whole or in part would be plagiarism. Forest and Society reserves all rights except those granted in this copyright notice
