Assessing Indigenous Forest Management in Mount Merapi National Park Based on Ostrom’s Design Principles
Additional Files
Despite their abundant potential to support the current understanding of environmental changes and improve natural resource management, Indigenous Peoples remain excluded from policymaking. Such marginalization partly stems from the formal government-driven adoption of colonial-style controls over natural resources, which historically had marginalized local populations politically and economically. Using the case of the Pelemsari sub-village, this article attempts to analyze the robustness of Common-Pool Resource institutions in Mount Merapi National Park according to Ostrom’s design principles. The methods used for this purpose are participant observation, document reviews, and semi-structured interviews. The research findings indicate social capital as the main factor that contributes to the local institution’s robustness. Nevertheless, the principles corresponding to authority suggest challenges of engaging communities in reforestation and conservation programs. The shortcomings in these principles contributed to the people’s slow recovery and ongoing degradation of forest diversity in Mount Merapi after the eruption in 2010.
Afrianto, W. F., Hikmat, A., & Widyatmoko, D. (2017). Growth and Habitat Preference of Acacia decurrens Willd. (Fabaceae) after the 2010 Eruption of Mount Merapi, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Applied Science, 5(1), 65–72.
Agrawal, A. (2003). Sustainable governance of common-pool resources: Context, methods, and politics. Annual Review of Anthropology, 32, 243–262. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093112
Agrawal, A. (2007). Forests, Governance, and Sustainability: Common Property Theory and its Contributions. International Journal of the Commons, 1(1), 111–136. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.10
Agrawal, A., Gibson, C. C., Britt, C., Coward, W., Engel, S., Greenberg, J., … & Walker, J. (1999). Enchantment and Disenchantment: The Role of Community in Natural Resource Conservation. World Development, 27(4), 629–649. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00161-2
Al Mamun, A., & Brook, R. K. (2015). Evaluating local rules and practices for avoiding tragedies in small-scale fisheries of oxbow lakes, Southern Bangladesh. International Journal of the Commons, 9(2), 772–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352 /ijc.564
Antinori, C., & Rausser, G. C. (2003). Does Community Involvement Matter? How Collective Choice Affects Forests in Mexico. Does Community Involvement Matter? How Collective Choice Affects Forests in Mexico. CUDARE Working Papers. UC Berkeley.
Atmojo, T., Umaya, R., Santosa, I. B., Prasetyaningsih, Tyastuti. D., & Primandaru, K. (2018). Desa Mawa Cara Negara Mawa Tata: Rumput, Merumput, dan Perumput di Merapi. Balai Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi.
Baggio, J. A., Barnett, A. J., Perez-Ibara, I., Brady, U., Ratajczyk, E., Rollins, N., … & Janssen, M. A. (2016). Explaining success and failure in the commons: The configural nature of Ostrom’s institutional design principles. International Journal of the Commons, 10(2), 417–439. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.634
Bakkour, D., Enjolras, G., Thouret, J. C., Kast, R., Mei, E. T. W., & Prihatminingtyas, B. (2015). The adaptive governance of natural disaster systems: Insights from the 2010 Mount Merapi Eruption in Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 13, 167–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.05.006
Berkes, F., Colding, J., & Folke, C. (2000). Rediscovery of Traditional Ecological Knowledge as Adaptive Management. Ecological Applications, 10(5), 1251–1262. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2641280
Berkes, F., & Folke, C. (2002). Back to the Future: Ecosystem Dynamics and Local Knowledge. In Gunderson, L. H., & Holling C. S. (Eds.), Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems (pp. 121–1146). Island Press.
BIOTIFOR. (2019). Restorasi Eksosistem Berbasis Genetik di Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi. Balai Besar Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi Dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan.
Bluemling, B., Tai, H. S., & Choe, H. (2021). Boundaries, limits, landscapes and flows: An analytical framework for boundaries in natural resource management. Journal of Environmental Management, 285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021. 112129
BNPB. (2011). Rencana Aksi Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi Wilayah Pasca Bencana Merapi di Provinsi D.I. Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah Tahun 2011-2013. BNPB.
BPS. (2016). Tabel Dinamis Subjek Kemiskinan dan Ketimpangan. BPS-Statistics Indonesia. BPS.
Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2015). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing. SAGE Publication, Inc.
Bruce, J. W., & Mearns, R. (2001). Natural Resource Management and Land Policy in Developing Countries: Lessons learned and new challenges for the World Bank. Issue Paper No. 115. IIED.
BTNGM. (2010). Penataan Zonasi Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi Setelah Erupsi Tahun 2010. Balai Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (BTNGM).
BTNGM. (2022). Balai TN Gunung Merapi Asah Kemampuan Kelompok MMP dan MPA. Balai Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (BTNGM).
Chhatre, A., & Agrawal, A. (2008). Forest commons and local enforcement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(36), 13286–13291. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0803399105
Cleaver, F., & De Koning, J. (2015). Furthering critical institutionalism. International Journal of the Commons, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.605
Coleman, E. A., & Steed, B. C. (2009). Monitoring and sanctioning in the commons: An application to forestry. Ecological Economics, 68(7), 2106–2113. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.02.006
Collings, N. (1997). State of the world’s indigenous peoples (Chapter III: Environment). United Nations.
Cox, M., Arnold, G., & Tomás, S. V. (2010). A Review of Design Principles for Community-based Natural Resource Management. Ecology and Society, 15(4), 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-03704-150438
Cumming, G., Epstein, G., Anderies, J., Apetrei, C., Baggio, J., Chawla, S., … & Weible, C. (2020). Advancing understanding of natural resource governance: a post-Ostrom research agenda. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 44, 26–34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2020.02.005
De Jong, E., & Twikromo, A. (2017). Friction within harmony: Everyday dynamics and the negotiation of diversity in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 48(1), 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463416000485
Depari, C. (2022). Traditional Ecological Practices of Mount Merapi Towards Panarchy-Based Resilience Case Study: The Pelemsari Court-Village, Sleman, Yogyakarta [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Washington.
Depdikbud. (1997). Sejarah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia.
Dey, P., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2017). Impact of socio-economic status on place and dwelling attachment. International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, 41(2), 89–100.
Dhiaulhaq, A., Wiset, K., Thaworn, R., Kane, S., & Gritten, D. (2017). Forest, water and people: The roles and limits of mediation in transforming watershed conflict in Northern Thailand. Forest and Society, 1(2), 121–136. https://doi.org/10.24259/ fs.v1i2.2049
Donovan, K. (2010). Doing social volcanology: Exploring volcanic culture in Indonesia. Area, 42(1), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2009.00899.x
Enters, T., & Anderson, J. (2000). Rethinking the Decentralization and Devolution of Biodiversity Conservation. In T. Enters, P. B. Durst, & M. Victor (Eds.), Decentralization and Devolution of Forest Management in Asia and the Pacific (pp. 168-186). RECOFTC.
Euler, J. (2016). Commons-creating Society: On the Radical German Commons Discourse. Review of Radical Political Economics, 48(1), 93–110. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0486613415586988
FAO. (2022). Strengthening Capacities for Management of Invasive Alien Species (SMIAS) in Indonesia (GEF ID 10705). GEF.
Farisa, F. C. (2021). PPKM Level 2-4 Jawa-Bali Diperpanjang 7 Hari. Kompas. Accessed from https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/08/30/19155771/ppkm-level-2-4-jawa-bali-diperpanjang-7-hari-31-agustus-6-september
Finn, S., Herne, M., & Castille, D. (2017). The value of traditional ecological knowledge for the environmental health sciences and biomedical research. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(8), 085006. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP858
Fleischman, F. D., Loken, B., Garcia-Lopez, G. A., & Villamayor-Tomas, S. (2014). Evaluating the utility of common-pool resource theory for understanding forest governance and outcomes in Indonesia between 1965 and 2012. International Journal of the Commons, 8(2), 304-336. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.409
Ford, J. D., King, N., Galappaththi, E. K., Pearce, T., McDowell, G., & Harper, S. L. (2020). The Resilience of Indigenous Peoples to Environmental Change. One Earth, 2(6), 532–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.05.014
Fournier, V. (2019). Commoning: on the social organisation of the commons. M@n@gement, 16(4), 433–453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mana.164.0433
Geertz, C. (1960). The Religion of Java. The Free Press of Glencoe.
Ghafur, W. A. (2012). Resilience Perempuan dalam Bencana Alam Merapi: Studi di Kinahrejo Umbulharjo Cangkringan Sleman Yogyakarta. Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial, 1, 43–68.
Gunawan, H., Heriyanto, N. M., Subiandono, E., Mas’ud, A. F., & Krisnawati, H. (2015). Invasi jenis eksotis pada areal terdegradasi pasca erupsi di Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi. Prosiding Seminar Masayarkat Biodiversity Indonesia, 1, 1027–1033. https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m010511
Halmesvaara, O., Harjunen, V. J., Aulbach, M. B., & Ravaja, N. (2020). How bodily expressions of emotion after norm violation influence perceivers’ moral judgments and prevent social exclusion: A socio-functional approach to nonverbal shame display. PLoS ONE, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232298
Hapsari, A. (2017). Penghijauan Hutan Merapi Ditargetkan 450 Hektare. Suara Merdeka. Accessed from https://www.suaramerdeka.com/jawa-tengah/pr-0430412/penghijauan-hutan-merapi-ditargetkan-450-hektare
Haryanto, T., van Zeben, J., & Purnhagen, K. (2022). Ostrom’s Design Principles as Steering Principles for Contractual Governance in “Hotbeds.” Forest and Society, 6(1), 175–201. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v6i1.17993
Hidayat, A. W. (2009). Politik Kebijakan Konservasi Studi Kasus Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi. Tanah Air, 77–112.
Hidayat, D., Chouet, B., Voight, B., Dawson, P., & Ratdomopurbo, A. (2003). Correction to “Source mechanism of very-long-period signals accompanying dome growth activity at Merapi volcano, Indonesia.” Geophysical Research Letters, 30(10), 33-1-33-4. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl017211
Kajembe, G. C., Monela, G. C., Mvena, Z. S. K., Kowero, G., Campbell, B. M., & Sumaila, R. (2003). Making community-based forest management work: A case study of Duru-Haitemba village forest reserve, Babati, Tanzania. In G. Kowero, B. M. Campbell, & U. R. Sumaila (Eds.), Policies and Governance Structures in Woodlands of Southern Africa (pp. 16–27). Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).
Klain, S. C., Beveridge, R., & Bennett, N. J. (2014). Ecologically sustainable but unjust? Negotiating equity and authority in common-pool marine resource management. Ecology and Society, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07123-190452
Klass, E. T. (1990). Guilt, Shame, and Embarrassment. In H. Leitenberg (Ed.), Handbook of Social and Evaluation Anxiety (pp. 385–414). Springer. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-1-4899-2504-6_13
Kosuke, M., Hasibuan, H. S., Masaaki, O., & Asrofani, F. W. (2023). Creation of the State Forest System and Its Hostility to Local People in Colonial Java, Indonesia. Southeast Asian Studies, 12(1), 47–87. https://doi.org/10.20495/seas.12.1_47
Kuswijayanti, E. R., Dharmawan, A. H., & Kartodihardjo, H. (2007). Krisis-Krisis Socio-Politico-Ecology di Kawasan Konservasi: Studi Ekologi Politik di Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi, 1(1), 41-66. https://doi.org/10.22500/sodality.v1i1.5938
Lopez, M. C., & Moran, E. F. (2016). The Legacy of Elinor Ostrom and Its Relevance to Issues of Forest Conservation. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 19, 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.12.001
Lukas, M. C., & Peluso, N. L. (2020). Transforming the Classic Political Forest: Contentious Territories in Java. Antipode, 52(4), 971–995. https://doi.org/10. 1111/anti.12563
Maring, P. (2022). Conflict transformation and collaboration in developing social forestry in Flores, Indonesia. Forest and Society, 6(1), 40–66. https://doi.org/10. 24259/fs.v6i1.13199
McGinnis, M. D., & Ostrom, E. (2014). Social-ecological system framework: Initial changes and continuing challenges. Ecology and Society, 19(2). https://doi.org/ 10.5751/ES-06387-190230
Mei, E. T. W., Fajarwati, A., Hasanati, S., & Sari, I. M. (2016). Resettlement Following the 2010 Merapi Volcano Eruption. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 227, 361–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.06.083
Muhammad, A. (2010). Merapi: Kehidupan, Sejarah Geologis, Mitos dan Mistis. Portico Publishing.
Murtazashvili, I., Murtazashvili, J., & Salahodjaev, R. (2019). Trust and deforestation: A cross-country comparison. Forest Policy and Economics, 101, 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.02.001
Nigussie, Z., Tsunekawa, A., Haregeweyn, N., Tsubo, M., Adgo, E., Ayalew, Z., & Abele, S. (2021). The impacts of Acacia decurrens plantations on livelihoods in rural Ethiopia. Land Use Policy, 100, 104928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol. 2020.104928
Nindyatmoko, A., Setyowati, K., & Haryanti, R. H. (2022). Collaboration after Conflict: A Lesson from Collaborative Action in Customary Land Tenure Conflicts in Lombok, Indonesia. Forest and Society, 6(1), 294–310. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs. v6i1.14005
Onghokham. (1983). Perubahan Sosial di Madiun Selama Abad XXIX: Pajak dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Penguasaan Tanah. In S. M. P. Tjondronegoro & G. Wiradi (Eds.), Dua Abada Penguasaan Tanah: Pola Penguasaan Tanah Pertanian di Jawa dari Masa ke Masa (pp. 3–30). Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam.
Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press.
Ostrom, E. (2000). Collective Action and the Evolution of Social Norms. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3), 137–158. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.14.3.137
Ostrom, E. (2009). A General Framework for Analyzing Sustainability of Social-Ecological Systems. Science, 325, 419–422. https://doi.org/10.1126/science. 1172133
Ostrom, E., Dietz, T., Dolsak, N., Stern, P. C., Stonich, S., & Weber, E. U. (2002). The Drama of the Commons. National Academies Press.
Ostrom, E., & Nagendra, H. (2006). Insights on linking forests, trees, and people from the air, on the ground, and in the laboratory. PNAS, 103(3), 19224–19231. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0607962103
Pandey, D. N. (2010). Critical necessity of local monitoring and enforcement for sustainable governance of forests. Indian Forester, 136(9), 1155-1163.
Peluso, N. L. (1992). Rich Forest Poor People. University of California Press.
Peluso, N. L., & Vandergeest, P. (2001). Genealogies of the Political Forest and Customary Rights in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Studies, 60(3), 761–812. https://doi.org/10.2307/2700109
Peluso, N. L., Vandergeest, P., & Potter, L. (1995). Social Aspects of Forestry in Southeast Asia: A Review of Postwar Trends in the Scholarly Literature. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 26(1), 196–218. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00224634 00010584
Perfect-Mrema, J. (2022). Ostrom and the commons: Critical appreciation and interrogation in the context of forest management in Tanzania. Environmental Science and Policy, 127, 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.10.011
Pribadi, A. (2022). Aktivitas Vulkanik Gunung Merapi Masih Tinggi, Masyarakat Diminta Tetap Waspada. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.
Rahman, H. M. T., Saint Ville, A. S., Song, A. M., Po, J. Y. T., Berthet, E., Brammer, J. R., … & Hickey, G. M. (2017). A framework for analyzing institutional gaps in natural resource governance. International Journal of the Commons, 11(2), 823–853. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.758
Ramcilovic-Suominen, S., & Epstein, G. (2012). Towards an analytical framework for forest law compliance. International Forestry Review, 14(3), 326–336. https://doi.org/10.1505/146554812802646611
Resosudarmo, I. A. P., Tacconi, L., & Waluyo, E. A. (2023). Enforcement and compliance with the no-burning policy on villagers in Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2023.102968
Reuters. (2006). Factbox: Five facts on Indonesia’s Merapi volcano. Accessed from https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/factbox-five-facts-indonesias-merapi-volcano
Riessman, C. K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. SAGE Publication, Inc.
Robson, J. P., Davidson-Hunt, I. J., Delaney, A., Lichtenstein, G., Magole, L., Te, A., & Mead, P. (Eds.) (2014). Remembering Elinor Ostrom: Her Work and its Contribution to the Theory and Practice of Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource Management. Policy Matters Issue 19. International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Ruddle, K., & Nishinomiya-shi. (1996). Boundary definition as a basic design principle of traditional fishery management system in Pacific Islands. Geographische Zeitschrift, 84(2), 94–102.
Salmons, J. (2015). Cases in Online Interview Research. SAGE Publications, Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506335155
Saunders, F. P. (2014). The promise of common pool resource theory and the reality of commons projects. International Journal of the Commons, 8(2), 636–656. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/ijc.477
Schlager, E., & Ostrom, E. (1992). Property-rights regimes and natural resources: a conceptual analysis. Land Economics, 68(3), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.2307/ 3146375
Siara, T. (2018). Belajar Kearifan Warga dalam Penanganan Pascagempa di Yogyakarta. Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum.
Stern, M. J. (2008). The power of trust: Toward a theory of local opposition to neighboring protected areas. Society and Natural Resources, 21(10), 859–875. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920801973763
Stern, P. C. (2011). Design principles for global commons: natural resources and emerging technologies. International Journal of the Commons, 5, 213–232. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.305
Sulfiantono, A. (2012). Forest Ecosystem in Merapi Volcano National Park – Indonesia. Beijing Forestry University.
Sulistiyono, S. T., & Rochwulaningsih, Y. (2013). Contest for hegemony: The dynamics of inland and maritime cultures relations in the history of Java island, Indonesia. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, 2(2), 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.imic.2013.10.002
Sunardi, S., Sulistijorini, S., & Setyawati, T. (2017). Invasion of Acacia decurrens Willd. after eruption of mount Merapi, Indonesia. BIOTROPIA-The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, 24(1), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2017.24. 1.524
Suminar, P. (2023). Will Indigenous Ecological Knowledge Vanish? Assessing Persistence of the Celako kemali in Farming Practices among the Serawainese in Bengkulu, Indonesia. Forest and Society, 7(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.24259/ fs.v7i1.22033
Surono, S., Jousset, P., Pallister, J., Boichu, M., Buongiorno, M. F., Budisantoso, A., … & Lavigne, F. (2012). The 2010 explosive eruption of Java’s Merapi volcano-A “100-year” event. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 241–242, 121–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.06.018
Suryandari, R. Y., Haryono, E., & Sumrahadi, A. (2013). Merapi pasca letusan 2010: Polisi penempatan semula penduduk. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, IX(1), 138–149. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2488753350
Suryawan, D., Sutyarto, E., Umaya, R., Kurnia, A., & Hadiyan, Y. (2015). Sebaran invasive alien species Acacia decurrens pada kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi. Prosiding Seminar Masayarkat Biodiversity Indonesia, 1, 738–742. https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m010409
Sylvester, O., Segura, A. G., & Davidson-Hunt, I. J. (2016). The Protection of Forest Biodiversity can Conflict with Food Access for Indigenous People. Conservation and Society, 14(3), 279–290. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.191157
Thouret, J. C., Lavigne, F., Kelfoun, K., & Bronto, S. (2000). Toward a revised hazard assessment at Merapi volcano, Central Java. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 100(1–4), 479–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00152-9
Triyoga, L. S. (1991). Manusia Jawa dan Gunung Merapi: Persepsi dan Kepercayaannya. Gadjah Mada University Press.
Troll, V. R., Deegan, F. M., Jolis, E. M., Budd, D. A., Dahren, B., & Schwarzkopf, L. M. (2015). Ancient oral tradition describes volcano-earthquake interaction at merapi volcano, Indonesia. Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 97(1), 137–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoa.12099
Turner, M. D. (1999). Conflict, Environmental Change, and Social Institutions in Dryland Africa: Limitations of the Community Resource Management Approach. Society & Natural Resources, 12(7), 643–657. https://doi.org/10.1080/089419299279362
Turreira-García, N., Meilby, H., Brofeldt, S., Argyriou, D., & Theilade, I. (2018). Who Wants to Save the Forest? Characterizing Community-Led Monitoring in Prey Lang, Cambodia. Environmental Management, 61(6), 1019–1030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-018-1039-0
Upreti, B. R. (2001). Conflict Management in Natural Resources: A Study of Land, Water and Forest Conflicts in Nepal. Wageningen University.
Utomo, A. P. (2022). Turun sejak Erupsi 2010, Kera Ekor Panjang Rusak Hasil Pertanian Warga Desa Lereng Gunung Merapi di Boyolali. Kompas. Accessed from https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/08/30/183726978/turun-sejak-erupsi-2010-kera-ekor-panjang-rusak-hasil-pertanian-warga-desa
Van Ast, J. A., Widaryati, A., & Bal, M. (2014). The “Adat” institution and the management of grand forest “Herman Yohannes” in Indonesian timor: The role of design principles for sustainable management of common pool resources. Conservation and Society, 12(3), 294–305. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.145146
Wasito, Tan, S. S., & Bastaman, S. (2012). Dampak Erupsi Gunung Merapi Terhadap Kehidupan Sosial Ekonomi Petani Desa Umbulharjo Kabupaten Sleman. In Sumarno, S., Subagyono, K., & Bustaman, S. (Eds.), Pengembangan Pertanian Berbasis Inovasi di Wilayah Erupsi Gunung Merapi (pp. 149–179). Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian.
Watkins, M. (2017). An Investigation of Place Attachment for Outdoor Educators With Pro-Environmental Behaviors: A Phenomenological Study. August.
Watkins, M. (2017). An Investigation of Place Attachment for Outdoor Educators with Pro-Environmental Behaviors: A Phenomenological Study [Doctoral dissertation]. Montreat College.
Weeden, B. C., & Chow, T. (2012). Taking a common-pool resources approach to space sustainability: A framework and potential policies. Space Policy, 28(3), 166–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2012.06.004
Wells, M., Brandon, K., & Hannah, L. (1992). People and Parks: Linking Protected Area Management with Local Communities. World Bank.
Wilson, D. S., Ostrom, E., & Cox, M. E. (2013). Generalizing the core design principles for the efficacy of groups. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2012.12.010
Wollenberg, E. K. (2003). Boundary keeping and access to gaharu among Kenyah forest users. Environment and Planning A, 35(6), 1007–1023. https://doi.org/10.1068/ a35191
Wong, G. Y., Moeliono, M., Bong, I. W., Pham, T. T., Sahide, M. A. K., Naito, D., & Brockhaus, M. (2020). Social forestry in Southeast Asia: Evolving interests, discourses and the many notions of equity. Geoforum, 117, 246–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.10.010
Yasmi, Y., Colfer, C. J. P., Yuliani, L., Indriatmoko, Y., & Heri, V. (2007). Conflict management approaches under unclear boundaries of the commons: experiences from Danau Sentarum National Park, Indonesia. International Forestry Review, 9(2), 597-609. https://doi.org/10.1505/ifor.9.2.597
Zakaria, A. (2010). 43 Persen Hutan Taman Nasional Rusak Akibat Merapi. Tempo. Accessed from https://nasional.tempo.co/read/295578/43-persen-hutan-taman-nasional-rusak-akibat-merapi
Zeisel, J. (2006). Inquiry by Design. Cambridge University Press.
Copyright (c) 2023 Forest and Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access journal which means that all contents is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher. An article based on a section from a completed graduate dissertation may be published in Forest and Society, but only if this is allowed by author's(s') university rules. The Editors reserve the right to edit or otherwise alter all contributions, but authors will receive proofs for approval before publication.
Forest and Society operates a CC-BY 4.0 © license for journal papers. Copyright remains with the author, but Forest and Society is licensed to publish the paper, and the author agrees to make the article available with the CC-BY 4.0 license. Reproduction as another journal article in whole or in part would be plagiarism. Forest and Society reserves all rights except those granted in this copyright notice
