Abstract
This article examines the roles of government, academia, and business in responses to limited access to clean water in Bontoa District, Maros Regency, using the Triple Helix as an analytical lens. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach drawing on interviews, observation, and documents reported in the study. The available account identifies government agencies and the regional water utility as the principal actors in planning and service delivery. It also refers to academic input in technical planning and emergency water distribution by humanitarian organizations. The latter are distinguished from the business sector, for which the manuscript offers little evidence of sustained participation. These observations suggest an uneven pattern of interaction rather than an established three-sector partnership. The absence of reported service indicators, documented joint decisions, and detailed sampling procedures limits any assessment of effects on household water access. The article recommends documenting actor roles and decisions alongside service coverage, continuity, and water-quality indicators before assessing whether a durable partnership improves supply.
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