Keywords
Commuting
Commuter
Gender
Jabodetabek
Deprecated: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprecated in /home/journal33/public_html/plugins/generic/citations/CitationsPlugin.inc.php on line 49
Abstract
Ensuring safe and convenient transportation is vital for promoting gender equality. Unfortunately, women in Jabodetabek, Indonesia, frequently express insecurity in public transport due to harassment and violence, particularly in crowded buses and trains. This is a critical issue since secure and reliable transportation enables women to engage fully in education, employment, and daily activities. To better understand women's experiences with public transportation in Jabodetabek, a study was conducted using a case study method. Six women commuters who used public transportation to travel within and between Jabodetabek were recruited based on their willingness to share their experiences and the diversity of their routes. The study used qualitative research methods to collect data, including in-depth interviews and observations of informants' commutes. The study discovered that women in Jabodetabek consider safety concerns and social norms crucial when deciding their transportation mode and route. Women's route choices are influenced by the presence of other women, well-lit areas, and visible security personnel, which contribute to their perceived safety and comfort. Gender plays a significant role in shaping these decisions. The implications of these findings are significant for transportation policy and planning in Jabodetabek. The research underscores the need to develop gender-responsive transportation policies and programs that address women commuters' unique challenges and needs. For example, transportation planners can take steps to increase security personnel presence and improve lighting in areas frequented by women. Moreover, providing women-only transportation options can enhance the safety and comfort of women during their travel. The present research is distinguished by its investigation of women's route choices and the multifaceted factors that shape their decision-making process. In addition, this research represents a gap in the existing literature that has yet to be extensively examined, thereby rendering this study a distinctive and valuable contribution to the field.
References
Adira, N., & Kusumawardhani, D. E. (2022). Persepsi Ketidakamanan dan Prosocial Risk Taking pada Pengguna KRL di Jabodetabek. INQUIRY: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 13(02).
Aleta, A., Meloni, S., & Moreno, Y. (2017). A multilayer perspective for the analysis of urban transportation systems. Scientific reports, 7(1), 44359.
Aryee, S., Srinivas, E. S., & Tan, H. H. (2005). Rhythms of life: antecedents and outcomes of work-family balance in employed parents. Journal of applied psychology, 90(1), 132.
Bott, S., Morrison, A., & Ellsberg, M. (2005). Preventing and responding to gender-based violence in middle and low-income countries: a global review and analysis.
Cirella, G. T., Bąk, M., Kozlak, A., Pawłowska, B., & Borkowski, P. (2019). Transport innovations for elderly people. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 30, 100381.
Dunckel-Graglia, A. (2013). Women-only transportation: How “pink” public transportation changes public perception of women’s mobility. Journal of Public Transportation, 16(2), 85-105.
Elias, W., Benjamin, J., & Shiftan, Y. (2015). Gender differences in activity and travel behavior in the Arab world. transport policy, 44, 19-27.
Gardner, N., Cui, J., & Coiacetto, E. (2017). Harassment on public transport and its impacts on women’s travel behaviour. Australian Planner, 54(1), 8-15
Ginting, R., Gelgel, N. M., & Apriani, K. (2022, August). Feminism and the Women's Carriage of the KRL Jabodetabek. In Proceedings of the 6th Batusangkar International Conference, BIC 2021, 11-12 October, 2021, Batusangkar-West Sumatra, Indonesia.
Goel, R., Oyebode, O., Foley, L., Tatah, L., Millett, C., & Woodcock, J. (2022). Gender differences in active travel in major cities across the world. Transportation, 1-17.
Gordon, P., Kumar, A., & Richardson, H. W. (1989). Gender differences in metropolitan travel behaviour. Regional Studies, 23(6), 499-510.
Harrell, W. A. (1991). Factors influencing pedestrian cautiousness in crossing streets. The Journal of Social Psychology, 131(3), 367-372.
Harris, C., & Wilson, E. (2007). Travelling beyond the boundaries of constraint: women, travel and empowerment. In Tourism and gender: Embodiment, sensuality and experience (pp. 235-250). Wallingford UK: Cabi.
Hidayati, I., & Rifani, I. (2021). Mewujudkan Kota Ramah Pejalan Kaki: Kasus Kota Yogyakarta. GEOGRAPHIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Penelitian Geografi, 2(1), 87-93.
Hidayati, I., Tan, W., & Yamu, C. (2020). How gender differences and perceptions of safety shape urban mobility in Southeast Asia. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 73, 155-173.
Hidayati, I. (2021a). Daily Commute of Circular Migrant in Greater Jakarta: a Review: A REVIEW. DEMOS: Journal of Demography, Ethnography and Social Transformation, 1(1), 14-23.
Hidayati, I. (2021b). Urbanisasi dan Dampak Sosial di Kota Besar: Sebuah Tinjauan. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial, 7(2), 212-221.
Hoor-Ul-Ain, S. (2020). Public sexual harassment mayhem on public transport in megacities-Karachi and London: A comparative review. Aggression and violent behavior, 52, 10142. Jayachandran, S. (2021). Social norms as a barrier to women’s employment in developing countries. IMF Economic Review, 69(3), 576-595.
Johnston‐Anumonwo, I. (1992). The influence of household type on gender differences in work trip distance. The Professional Geographer, 44(2), 161-169.
Jordan, F., & Gibson, H. (2005). “We're not stupid... But we'll not stay home either”: Experiences of solo women travelers. Tourism Review International, 9(2), 195-211.
Laia, T. C., & Nurlaela, S. (2021). Evaluasi Kualitas Pelayanan Commuter Line Berdasarkan Perspektif Gender. Jurnal Teknik ITS, 9(2), E233-E238.
Loukaitou-Sideris, A., & Fink, C. (2009). Addressing women's fear of victimization in transportation settings: A survey of US transit agencies. Urban affairs review, 44(4), 554-587.
Martens, K. (2016). Transport justice: Designing fair transportation systems. Routledge.
Nobis, C., & Lenz, B. (2005). Gender differences in travel patterns. Research on Women’s Issues in Transportation, 2(3), 114-123.
Pirra, M., Kalakou, S., Carboni, A., Costa, M., Diana, M., & Lynce, A. R. (2021). A preliminary analysis on gender aspects in transport systems and mobility services: Presentation of a survey design. Sustainability, 13(5), 2676.
Root, A., Schintler, L., & Button, K. (2000). Women, travel and the idea of'sustainable transport'. Transport Reviews, 20(3), 369-383.
Sabogal-Cardona, O., Oviedo, D., Scholl, L., Crotte, A., & Bedoya-Maya, F. (2021). Not my usual trip: Ride-hailing characterization in Mexico City. Travel Behaviour and Society, 25, 233-245.
Saigal, T., Vaish, A. K., & Rao, N. M. (2021). Gender and class distinction in travel behavior: evidence from India. Ecofeminism and Climate Change, 2(1), 42-48.
Scheiner, J., & Holz-Rau, C. (2017). Women’s complex daily lives: a gendered look at trip chaining and activity pattern entropy in Germany. Transportation, 44, 117-138.
Simićević, J., Milosavljević, N., & Djoric, V. (2016). Gender differences in travel behaviour and willingness to adopt sustainable behaviour. Transportation Planning and Technology, 39(5), 527-537.
Soehartono, A. A. (2022). Persepsi penumpang perempuan terhadap pelayanan angkutan umum di Kota Makassar (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Hasanuddin).
Soesilo, G. B., Alfian, M., & Rachmawati, A. F. (2021). Penegakan Hukum Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pelecehan Seksual terhadap Perempuan di Moda Transportasi Umum Konvensional. Ahmad Dahlan Legal Perspective, 1(2), 145-154.
Stark, J., & Meschik, M. (2018). Women’s everyday mobility: Frightening situations and their impacts on travel behaviour. Transportation research part F: Traffic psychology and behaviour, 54, 311-323.
Stevenson, K. (2016). ‘Women and young girls dare not travel alone’: the dangers of sexual encounters on Victorian railways. In Gendered Journeys, Mobile Emotions (pp. 211-222). Routledge.
Sundling, C., & Ceccato, V. (2022). The impact of rail-based stations on passengers’ safety perceptions. A systematic review of international evidence. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 86, 99-120.
Talen, E. (2002). Pedestrian access as a measure of urban quality. Planning Practice and Research, 17(3), 257-278.
Tripathi, K., Borrion, H., & Belur, J. (2017). Sexual harassment of students on public transport: An exploratory study in Lucknow, India. Crime prevention and community safety, 19, 240-250.
Turner, J. (2012). Urban mass transit, gender planning protocols and social sustainability–The case of Jakarta. Research in transportation economics, 34(1), 48-53.
Quinones, L. M. (2020). Sexual harassment in public transport in Bogotá. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 139, 54-69.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia