The Influence of Religious Beliefs and Social Stratification Upon Bangka-Bangka Burial Sites in Mamasa Districk

Authors

  • Rosmawati Hasanuddin University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v4i3.18133

Keywords:

Bangka-Bangka, Toraja Mamasa, Aluk to Dolo, Social Stratification, Burial

Abstract

Bangka-Bangka burial sites were commonly practiced in Mamasa in the past, but now, this cultural tradition is in danger of extinction. The Bangka-Bangka grave remains are also almost going extinct. Despite this, it is important to investigate to which extent religious beliefs and social stratification exert influence upon the Bangka-Bangka Burial Sites seen from grave styles of Bangka Bangka in Mamasa, Eastern Indonesia. This study aims to investigate factors which influences Bangka-Bangka Burial Sites in Mamasa. An archaeological survey (field survey) along with an interview with local community members was used to collect data. As the result, Bangka-Bangka Burial Sites in Mamasa were much influenced by cosmological beliefs shaped by rules of Aluk To Dolo and royal family stratification.

Author Biography

Rosmawati, Hasanuddin University

Archaeologist

References

Adrian, N., dan Kryt, A. C. (1912). De Bare’e Sprekende Toradja’s van Midden Celebes. Batavia: Landsdrukkerij. Three Vols.

Badr, Nour Mohamed et al. (2018). Identification of materials used in a wooden coffin lid covered with composite layers dating back to the Ptolemaic period in Egypt. Conservar Património. Portugal: Associação Profissional de Conservadores.

Beavan N. et al. (2015). Radiocarbon dates from the highland jar and coffin burial site of Phnom Khnang Peung, Gardamom Mountains, Cambodia. Radiocarbon, Vol 57, Nr 1, 2015, pp 15–31. University of Arizona

Beavan N. et al. (2012). Radiocarbon dates from jar and coffin burials of the Cardamom Mountains reveal a unique mortu- ary ritual in Cambodia’s Late- to Post-Angkor period (15th–17th centuries AD). Radiocarbon 54(1):1–22.

Bell, Edward L. (1990). The Historical Archaeology of Mortuary Behavior: Coffin Hardware from Uxbridge, Massachusetts. Historical Archaeology. Vol. 24, No. 3 (1990), pp. 54-78.

Bellwood, P. (2000). Prasejarah Kepualauan Indo-Malaysia (Indo-Malaysian Islands Prehistory). (Edisi Revisi, Terjemahan). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Binford, L. R. 1988. Working at Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.

Buijs, K. (2009). Kuasa Berkat Dari Belantara dan Langit, Struktur dan Transformasi Agama Orang Toraja di Mamasa Sulawesi Barat (Power of Power From the Wilderness and Sky, Structure and Transformation of the Religion of the Toraja in Mamasa, West Sulawesi). Makassar: Ininnawa.

Bulbeck, F. D. (1993). New Perspectives on Early South Sulawesi History. In Baruga, No. 9, pp 10-18. Makassar: Balai Penyelamatan Peninggalan Purbakala.

Bullbeck, F. D (1996). The Bronze–Iron Age of South Sulawesi-Indonesia: Mortuary Tradition, Metallurgy and Trade. Dalam F.D. Bulbeck and Noel Bernard (ed.), Ancient Chinese and Southeast Asia Bronze Age Cultural, Vol. 2, pp 1007-1075. Taipei: Southern Materials Center Inc.

Carman, J. (2001). Archaeology and Heritage: An Introduction. Continuum. London-New York.

Chia, S., dan Molijol, P. (2010). Kajian Peti kubur Kayu Balak di Kinabatangan, Sabah (Study of Balak Wood Grave in Kinabatangan, Sabah). In Jurnal Arkeologi Malaysia, No. 23, pp 54-69.

Chia, S., dan Koon, P. (2003). Recent Discovery of An Ancient Log Coffin in Semporna, Sabah. In Sabah Society Journal, Vol. 20, pp 35-43.

Coates, K. J. (2009). Mystery of the Log Coffin Culture dalam Archaeology, pp 49-54. www.archaeology.org. Accessed, 28 October 2010.

Author. (1999). Bentuk-Bentuk Kubur Dalam Sistem Penguburan Orang Toraja, Suatu Studi Etnoarkeologi (Grave Forms in the Toraja Burial System, An Ethno- Archeological Study). Presented in Kongres dan Pertemuan Ilmiah Arkeologi VIII. Yogyakarta, 15-18 February 1999.

Author. (2001). Peninggalan Megalitik Pada Situs Sillanan di Kabupaten Tana Toraja, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Suatu Rekonstruksi Masyarakat Megalitik Berdasarkan Studi Etnoarkeologi (Megalithic Heritage on Sillanan Site in Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi Province, A Reconstruction of the Megalithic Society Based on Ethno-Archeological Studies). Thesis. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia.

Author. (2012). Budaya Peti kubur Erong di Toraja, Enrekang dan Mamasa (The Culture of Burial Coffin Erong in Toraja, Enrekang and Mamasa. Thesis Doctoral Penang: Universiti Sains Malayasia.

Author (2013). “The Mandu Coffin: A Boat Syimbol of Ancestral Spirits Among the Enrekang People of South Sulawesi”. Journal RIMA (Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs), Vol 47, No. 1, 2013. Camberra: Australian National University and University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy.

Author. (2014). “Shape and Chronology of Wooden Coffins in Mamasa, West Sulawesi – Indonesia”. Dalam Tawarikh, International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2014. Bandung: Minda Masagi Press and ASPENSI.

Author.(2015). “Typology and Chronology of Erong Woodenn Coffins in Tana Toraja, South Celebes”. Dalam Time and Mind, The Journal of Archaeology, Consciousness and Culture, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp 3-10, January 2015. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.

Author (2018). “Refflection of the Social an Cultural Aspects of the Magalithic Site of Onto, Bantaeng, South Sulawesi”. In Terra Australis 48, The Archaeology of Sulawesi. Ed. Sue O’Connor et al. Camberra: ANU Press.

Author and Hasanuddin. (2003). Toraja Dulu dan Kini (Past and present of Toraja). Makassar: Pustaka Refleksi.

Fagan, B. (1995). In The Beginning, an Introduction to Archaeology. Edition 5. California: Harper Collins College Publisher.

Frijling, J. (1920). Door Toradjalande. In Indische Gids, XL II, pp 48-56.

Grave, P. J. S., Barrbetti, M., dan Hotchkis. M. (1994). Dating of Log Coffins of Northwestern Thailand. In IPPA Conprence, January 1994, pp 5-12, Chiang Mai.

Hunt, K. (2017). Hanging coffins: China's mysterious sky graveyards. https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/china-hanging-coffins/index.html: CNN. Updated 7th July 2017.

Jones A. M. et al. (2017). Recent radiocarbon dating and skeletal analysis of two log coffin burials from Yorkshire: Willie Howe and Towthorpe 139. Yorkshire Archaeological Journal (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00844276.2017.1333349)

Kate, P. T. (1913). Het Ende Feest dalam Mededeelingen van Wege het Nederlandsch Zendeling Genootschap. In LVI, pp 35-55. Rotterdam.

Kaudern, W. (1938). Megalithic Finds in Central Celebes. In Ethnographical Studies in Central Celebes. Geteborg: Elands Boctrykeri Aktiebolog.

Keers, W. (1930). Over de Verschillende Vormen van het Bijzetten der Dooden bij de Sa’dan Toradja. Dalam Tijdschriff van het Koninklij Nederlandsch Aerdifkskundig Genootschap. Amsterdam: Utretcht, Leiden.

Kruyt, A. C. (1920). De To Rongkong in Mid-Celebes. Dalam Overdrukt uit Bijd. LXXVI, hlm. 366 – 397. Amsterdam: ‘s. Gravenhage.

Kruyt, A. C. (1938). De West Toradjas op Midden Celebes. In Nieuwe Reeks Deel. XL, pp 1-6. Amsterdam: Uitgave van de N.V. Noord Hollandsche Uitgevers-Maatschappijk.

Mattulada. (1998). Sejarah, Masyarakat dan Kebudayaan Sulawesi Selatan. Makassar: Hasanuddin University Press.

Pearson, M., dan Sullivan, S. (1995). Looking After Heritage Places: The Basic of Heritage Planning for Managers, Landowners and Adiministrators. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.

Pelras, C. (2006). Manusia Bugis: Bugis Man. Jakarta: Nalar.

Saminpanya, S. (2016). Physical and chemical properties of the ancient glass beads from the highland log-coffin culture and the lowland areas, Thailand: Considerations on their colors and technology. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 8 (2016) 366–380. w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / j a s r e p. Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sandarupa, S. (2000). Life and Death in Tana Toraja”. Ujung Pandang: PT. Torindo.

Sandarupa, S. (2007). Tradisi Lisan dan Kearifan Lokal Toraja (Toraja Tradition and Local Wisdom). In Kompas, 5 October 2009. pp 14.

Sandarupa, S. (2012). Kembali ke Budaya Anak Dara-Anak Muane Tongkonan Sebagai Pusat Pelaksanaan Filsafat Keharmonisan Tallu Lolona A’pa’ Tauninna (Return to the Anak Dara-Anak Muane Tongkonan Culture as the Implementation Center for the Harmony Philosophy of Tallu Lolona A’pa ’Tauninna). Pesented in Seminar Internasional Lagaligo Sebagai Memory of the World di Makassar, 27 April 2012. Fakulti Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Hasanuddin.

Soejono, R. P. (1977). Sistem-Sistem Penguburan Pada Akhir Masa Prasejarah di Bali (Burial Systems at the End of Prehistory in Bali). Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Arkeologi Nasional.

Shooecongdej, R. (ed). (2001). Log Coffin in Thailand. Progress Report I. Presented in Thailand Research Fund.

Shooecongdej, R. (ed). (2003). Hangnging Coffin in Thailand. Progress Report II. Presented in Thailand Research Fund.

Tangdilintin, L. T. (1980). Toraja dan Kebudayaannya (Toraja and its culture). Cetakan IV. Tana Toraja: Yayasan Lepongan Bulan.

Tenazas, R. C. P. (1973). The Boat-Coffin Burial Complex in the Philippines and its Relation to Practices in Southeast Asia. Dalam The Phillippine Quarterly of Culture and Society, Vol. 1, No. 1. A University of San Carios Publication.

Treerayapiwat, C. (2005). Pattern of the Habitation and Burial Activity in the Ban Rai Rockshelter, Northwest Thailand. Dalam Asian Perspectives, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp 231-45.

Wannasri, S., Pumijumnong, N., dan Shoocongdej, R. (2007). Tek Log Coffin Head Styles in Northern Thailand: Time Sequencing with dendrochronology. In Science Asia, No. 33, pp 47-56.

Downloads

Published

2021-09-24

Issue

Section

Articles

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.