Analysis Amr in the Book of Ṣuwar min Ḥayātiṣ-Ṣahābah by  Dr. Abdurrahman Ra'fat Al-Basya  (Al-Ma'ānī Study)

Siti Nurhaliza; Edi Komarudin; Yadi Mardiansyah

doi:10.34050/els-jish.v8i2.44343

Authors

Siti Nurhaliza UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Edi Komarudin UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Yadi Mardiansyah UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v8i2.44343

Keywords:

Balaghah, Fi'il amr, Ṣuwar min Ḥayātiṣ - Ṣahābah

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the form and meaning of amr as well as the structural components of imperative sentences in the book Ṣuwar min Ḥayātiṣ-Ṣaḥābah by Dr. Abdurrahman Ra’fat Al-Basha, using a semantic approach. This approach focuses on the meaning of language within a specific context. A semantic approach allows for an analysis of how the meaning of amr can vary depending on its situational usage, whether literal (Ḥaqīqī) or figurative (majāzī). The research method employed is descriptive-analytic, which serves to describe and provide an overview of the object under study through collected data or samples. The data were obtained from excerpts containing imperative verbs (fiʻl amr), which were classified according to their form and implied meaning, and then analyzed based on the theory of amr proposed by Ahmad Al-Hāsyimī. The results of this study indicate that the concept of amr in Ṣuwar min Ḥayātiṣ-Ṣaḥābah encompasses seven meanings: 55 instances of literal command (Ḥaqīqī), 2 of honoring (ikrām), 4 of permission (iʾzn), 28 of supplication (duʿāʾ), 43 of guidance (irshād), 17 of request among equals (iltimās), and 8 of threat (tahdīd). Morphologically, the imperative forms appear in two patterns: fiʻl mujarrad (basic/root verbs) and fiʻl mazīd (augmented verbs), both transitive and intransitive. Syntactically, the structure of amr typically follows the pattern: verb (fiʻl) – subject (fāʻil) – object (mafʻūl bih) – preposition (ḥarf jar) and vocative (nida').

Keywords: Balaghah, Fi'il Amr, Ṣuwar min Ḥayātiṣ - Ṣahābah

References

Ahmad. (2021). Forms and variations of the meaning of kalam insya’ talabi in the comic Nawadir Juha Li Al-Atfal (A Balaghah study). Kitabina: Journal of Language and Literature.

Akhdlori, I. (1982). Balaghah science (Ilm al-Ma'ani, Bayan, and Badi’). Bandung: PT Alma Arif.

Al-Basya, A. R. (2016). Translation of “Suwar Min Hayat Al-Sahabah”: The stories of 65 companions of the Prophet. Jakarta: Darul Adab Al-Islami.

Alfiah, U. (2020). Fi’il amr and nahy in the book “Ayyuhal Walad” by Imam Al-Ghazali [Thesis, Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung]. UIN SGD Repository. https://digilib.uinsgd.ac.id/37717/

An-Nisa, M., Subita, A., & Wicaksono, M. A. (2021). Forms of fi’il amr and nahi in Surah Al-Hujurat. In National Conference on Arabic Language (KONASBARA). Malang.

Asrori, I. (2004). Arabic syntax. Malang: Misykat.

Dayyab, H. B. (2013). Rules of Arabic grammar: Nahwu, sharaf, balaghah, bayan, ma’ani, badi. Jakarta: Darul Ulum.

Ilyas, R. (2012). Smart in Arabic: Arabic learning method in 1 month. Bandung: fajar media. https://digilib.staimuttaqien.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=2627

Karubaba, S., Machmoed, H., Rahman, F., & Kamzinah, K. (2024, May). Comparison of Pronominal Systems in Yapen Languages. In 4th International Conference on Linguistics and Culture (ICLC-4 2023) (pp. 360-374). Atlantis Press.

Leech, G. N. (1981). Semantics: The study of meaning. Harmondsworth, England; New York: Penguin Books.

Mahsun, M. (2012). Language research methods: Steps, strategies, methods, and techniques. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.

Mariyono. (2019). Forms of fi’il amr sentences in the Qur’an. MUKADDIMAH: Journal of Islamic Studies.

Munada, H. (2015). Al-Balaghah in the science of ma’ani. Tim Manhaj Al-Dirāsī, Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor.

Ratna, N. K. (2011). Theory, method, and technique: Literary research. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Sachiya, F., Faisal, R., Sosrohadi, S., Mahdori, M., Aditya, T. P. M., & Andini, C. (2025). A comparative analysis of Indonesian and Korean verbs: A semantic and pragmatic perspective. International Journal of Arts and Social Science, 8(3), 89-97.

Safii, R., Shaleh, S. R., & Doni, C. P. (2022). The style of kalam khabar and insya’ in the dialogue of the story of Prophet Zakariya in the Qur’an. A Jamiy.

Said, M. M., Rita, F., Weda, S., & Rahman, F. (2021). English Language Performance Development Through Extracurricular Activities At Faculty Of Teacher Training And Education Tadulako University Palu. PalArch's Journal of Archaelogy of Egypt/Egyptology.

Sukmawaty, S., Andini, C., & Rahman, F. F. (2022). The Shift of Honorifics due to The Promotion As A Government Official: Comparative Study. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 5(1), 166-176.

Weda, S., Rahman, F., & Sakti, A. E. F. (2022). The Use Of Literature In The Language Classroom At A Higher Education Institution In Indonesia. Asian Journal of Advances in Research, 14(2), 40-44.

Yaumi, M. T. A. H., Rahman, F., & Sahib, H. (2024). Bridging Language and Technology through Semiotic Technology. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 7(1), 52-61.