Students’ Learning Strategies in Dealing with Speaking Anxiety at Universitas Negeri Makassar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v8i2.44924Keywords:
Speaking, Speaking Anxiety, Learning Strategies, Undergraduate StudentsAbstract
Speaking is one of the four fundamental skills in learning English language beside writing, reading, and listening. While it is condemned important, many students still struggle in mastering speaking skill. There are many reasons on why students might have trouble in speaking and one of them is excessive anxiety. With this situation, many students recommended to use learning strategies to help them in overcoming their speaking anxiety. This study provides us with knowledge about what learning strategies that students use to overcome speaking anxiety by implementing qualitative descriptive methods. The research subjects consist of ten (10) undergraduate students from English Education Program at Universitas Negeri Makassar. The study’s data collected with the help of non-participant observations and semi-structured interview sessions. After the data were collected and analyze, the researcher was able to identify fifteen (15) kinds of learning techniques that the students use to cope with their speaking anxiety. These fifteen (15) kinds of learning techniques are then categorized into three types of learning strategies, namely cognitive, meta-cognitive, and socio-affective learning strategies.
References
Abdous, M., Camarena, M. M., & Facer, B. R. (2009). MALL technology: Use of academic podcasting in the foreign language classroom. ReCALL, 21(1), 76-95.
Amin, F. H., & Masthurah, N. (2023). Exploring Students' Speaking Anxiety in an EFL Classroom. Technium Soc. Sci. J., 50, 406.
Atkinson, R. C., & Raugh, M. R. (1975). An application of the mnemonic keyword method to the acquisition of a Russian vocabulary. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 104(2), 126–133.
Bade, M. K., & Cook, S. W. (2008). Functions of Christian prayer in the coping process. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 47(1), 123-136.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Freeman.
Bernardi, L., Sleight, P., Bandinelli, G., Cencetti, S., Fattorini, L., & Lagi, A. (2001). Physiological effects of prayer. BMJ, 323(7327), 1446-1449.
Brown, A. L., & Day, J. D. (1983). Macrorules for summarizing texts: The development of expertise. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22(1), 1-14.
Bygate, M. (2018). Learning language through task repetition. TESOL Quarterly, 52(4), 849-875.
Chen, Y. (2008). Learning to self-evaluate oral performance in English. TESL Reporter, 41(2), 16-29.
Clifford, R. T. (1987). Language Teaching in the Federal Government: A Personal Perspective. Annals, AAPSS, 490.
Cohen, A. D. (1987). The use of verbal and imagery mnemonics in second-language vocabulary learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 9(1), 43–62.
Davies, P., & Pearse, E. (2000). Success in English Teaching. Oxford University Press.
Dunkel, P. (1988). The content of L1 and L2 students' lecture notes and its relation to test performance. TESOL Quarterly, 22(2), 259-281.
Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906–911.
Goh, C. C. M. (2018). Teaching speaking: A holistic approach. Cambridge University Press.
Goh, C. C. M., & Burns, A. (2012). Teaching speaking: A holistic approach. Cambridge University Press.
Handayani, A. D. (2021). Students’strategies In Reducing Speaking Anxiety at Smk Negeri 1 Pekanbaru (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau).
Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Zourbanos, N., Galanis, E., & Theodorakis, Y. (2011). Self-talk and sports performance. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(4), 348-356.
He, D. (2017). How to Cope with Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety Effectively? The Case of University Students in China. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 14(2).
Huensch, A., & Tremblay, A. (2015). Effects of perceptual phonetic training on the perception and production of second language syllable structure. Journal of Phonetics, 52, 151-168.
Hung, S. T. (2019). Creating digital recordings to alleviate EFL speaking anxiety. Language Learning & Technology, 23(3), 145-160.
Jerath, R., Crawford, M. W., Barnes, V. A., & Harden, K. (2015). Self-regulation of breathing as a primary treatment for anxiety. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 40(2), 107-115.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156.
Ko, Y., Kyeongjae, P., Jung, S., Sosrohadi, S., & Andini, C. (2025). Revisiting EPS TOPIK: Addressing linguistic and cultural challenges for migrant workers in South Korea. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 8(2), 904-910.
Kohnke, L., & Moorhouse, B. L. (2021). Using YouTube to reduce speaking anxiety in language learning. RELC Journal, 52(1), 103-112.
Liao, P. (2006). EFL learners' beliefs about and strategy use of translation in English learning. RELC Journal, 37(2), 191-215.
MacIntyre, P. D., & Gregersen, T. (2012). Emotions that facilitate language learning: The positive-broadening power of the imagination. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2(2), 193-213.
MacIntyre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2019). Setting an agenda for positive psychology. Language Teaching Research, 23(2), 1-12.
Miles, B, M, Huberman, M, & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis. 3rd Edition. Los Angeles: Sage Publication.
Muktiningrum, N. I., Mahmud, M., & Halim, A. (2024). Speaking Anxiety of Students in EFL Classroom Based on Gender in Higher Education. Pinisi Journal of Art, Humanity, and Social Studies, 4(2), 463-474.
Nasiri, A., & Pourhossein Gilakjani, A. (2016). A Review of EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill and the Strategies for Improvement. Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM), 6(9), 53-59.
Nation, I. S. P. (2013). Learning vocabulary in another language (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
O’Malley, J.M. & A.U. Chamot. (1990). Learning strategies in Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Oxford, R. L. (2011). Teaching and researching language learning strategies. Pearson Education.
Paivio, A. (1986). Mental representations: A dual coding approach. Oxford University Press.
Pakula, H. M. (2019). Teaching speaking. Apples-Journal of Applied Language Studies, 13(1), 95-111.
Piolat, A., Olive, T., & Kellogg, R. T. (2005). Cognitive effort during note-taking. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 19(3), 291-312.
Rahman, F., Abbas, A., Hasyim, M., Rahman, F., Abbas, A., & Hasyim, M. (2019). Facebook group as media of learning writing in ESP context: A case study at Hasanuddin University. Asian EFL Journal Research Articles, 26(6.1), 153-167.
Ritonga, S. N. A., Nasmilah, N., & Rahman, F. (2020). The effect of motivation and anxiety on students’ speaking performance: a study at Dayanu Ikhsanuddin university. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 3(2), 198-213.
Saarahwati, H. H. (2020). EFL Undergraduate Students’ Strategies to Cope with Speaking Anxiety.
Said, M. M., & Weda, S. (2018). English language anxiety and its impacts on students’ oral communication among Indonesian students: a case study at Tadulako University and Universitas Negeri Makassar. TESOL International Journal, 13(3), 21-30.
Vandergrift, L., & Goh, C. C. M. (2012). Teaching and learning second language listening: Meta-cognition in action. Routledge.
Weda, S., Rahman, F., & Sakti, A. E. F. (2022). The Use Of Literature In The Language Classroom At A Higher Education Institution In Indonesia. Asian Journal of Advances in Research, 14(2), 40-44.
Winne, P.H., & Hadwin, A.F. (1998). Studying as self-regulated learning. In D.J. Hacker et al. (Eds.), Metacognition in educational theory and practice (pp. 277-304). Erlbaum.
Woodrow, L. (2006). Anxiety and speaking English as a second language. RELC Journal, 37(3), 308–328.
Yaumi, M. T. A. H., Rahman, F., & Sahib, H. (2023). Exploring WhatsApp as Teaching and Learning Activities during Covid-19/New Normal era: A Semiotic Technology Analysis. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 6(12), 7627-7634.
Youngsun, K., Sosrohadi, S., Andini, C., Adinda, R., Jae, P. K., Yookyung, K., & Jung, S. (2024). Beyond the Korean Wave: Understanding the Motivation of Among Indonesian Gen Z to Learn Korean in the K-Pop Trend. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 7(06).
Zaccaro, A., Piarulli, A., Laurino, M., Garbella, E., Menicucci, D., Neri, B., & Gemignani, A. (2018). How breath-control can change your life. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12, 353.
Zeidan, F., Johnson, S. K., Diamond, B. J., David, Z., & Goolkasian, P. (2010). Mindfulness meditation improves cognition. Consciousness and Cognition, 19(2), 597–605.
Zhang, L. J. (2001). Awareness in reading: EFL students' metacognitive knowledge of reading strategies in an acquisition-poor environment. Language Awareness, 10(4), 268-288.
Zhang, X. (2018). Summarization strategy training and speaking anxiety reduction. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 47(5), 1129-1148.
Zinsser, N., Bunker, L., & Williams, J. M. (2006). Cognitive techniques for building confidence. In J. M. Williams (Ed.), Applied sport psychology (pp. 349-381). McGraw-Hill.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ade Surya Anugrah, Syarifuddin Dollah, Sukardi Weda

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.