Efek Fortifikasi Asam Folat pada Beras Premiks Lokal terhadap Konsentrasi dan Hasil Belajar pada Santri
Abstract
Deficiency of iron intake and folic acid intake can cause a shortage of concentration and student
achievement. The purpose of this study explains the effect of giving fortified rice with folic acid on concentration
and Student learning outcome. This study is an experimental using the Double-Blind Randomized Control
Trial Design. The population is students in the Annihaya boarding school is 603 people. The sample is 80
male students of aged 12-15 years. The sample was divided into four groups, namely groups given fortification
rice (anemia and non-anemia) and groups given non-fortification rice (anemia and non-anemia). The results
showed that the greatest decrease in concentration scores in the intervention group was -2,75, while in the
control group, it decreased by -1,65 and there was no significant difference either in the group or the difference
group with p value> 0,05. The increase in student learning outcomes in the intervention group was 0,11
while the control group had decreased by -0,44. The results show that there were significant differences in the
intervention group before and after the intervention. But statistical tests showed there were no differences in
student learning outcomes scores between the intervention group and the control group (p>0,05). The conclusion
is that the concentration of students decreased in all groups after the intervention and the greatest decrease
occurred in the group given non-anemic fortified rice. Student learning outcomes increased in all groups
after the intervention and the largest increase occurred in the anemic group who were given fortified rice.
Full text article
References
CDPH. California Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines for Adolescents: Adolescent Nutrition. In: Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Division, Center for Familiy Health, California Departement of Public Health. California Department of Public Health; 2013. pp 1–10.
Maziya N. Adolescent Nutritional Status and its Association with Village-Level Factors in Tanzania; 2014.
WHO. Ambition and Action in Nutrition 2016-2015. Switzerland; 2017.
Kemenkes RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2013.
Subramaniam G, Girish M. Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2015;82(6):558–564.
Guo XM, Liu H, Qian J. Daily Iron Supplementation on Cognitive Performance in Primary-School-Aged Children with and Without Anemia: A Meta-Analysis. International Journal Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2015;8(9):16107–16111.
Iqbal K, Zafar T, Iqbal Z, Usman M, Bibi H, Afreen MS, et al. Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Intellectual Performance of Primary School Children in Islamabad, Pakistan. Tropical Journal of harmaceutical Research.2015;14(2):287–291.
Wang M. Iron Deficiency and Other Types of Anemia in Infants and Children. American Family Physician. 2016;93(4):270–278.
Prado EL, Dewey KG. Nutrition and Brain Development in Early Life. Nutrition Reviews. 2014;72(4):267–284.
Maroyi A. Not Just Minor Wild Edible Forest Products: Consumption of Pteridophytes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2014;10:1-9.
Hettiarachchi M, Liyange’ C, Hilmers DC, Abrams’ SA. Efficacy of Rice Flour Fortification in Sri Lanka: A Pilot Study. Procedings of the Secound Academic Sessions; 2004.
Rebellato AP, Klein B, Wagner R, Azevedo Lima Pallone J. Fortification of Whole Wheat Flour with Different Iron Compounds: Effect on Quality Parameters and Stability. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2018; 55(9):3575–3583.
Laillou A, Pfanner S, Chan T, Chea C, Mam B, Sambath P, et al. Beyond effectiveness the Adversities of Implementing a Fortification Program. A Case Study on the Quality of Iron Fortification of Fish and Soy Sauce in Cambodia. Nutrients. 2016;8(2):1-8.
BPS. Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional 2013. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik: SUSENAS;2014.
Radhika MS, Nair KM, Hari Kumar R, Vishnuvardhana Rao M, Ravinder P, Gal Reddy C, et al. Micronized Ferric Pyrophosphate Supplied through Extruded Rice Kernels Improves Body Iron Stores in Children: a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Midday Meal Feeding Trial in Indian School Children 1-3. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2011;94(5):1202–1210.
Grosse SD, Berry RJ, Mick Tilford J, Kucik JE, Waitzman NJ. Retrospective Assessment of Cost Savings from Prevention: Folic Acid Fortification and Spina Bifida in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine.2016;50(5):74–80.
Kooshki A, Mohammadi M, Rivandi M. Nutritional Intake and its Association with Educational Achievement in High-School Students in Islamic Republic of Iran. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2018;24(6):532–537.
Nilsson TK, Yngve A, Bottiger AK, Hurtig-Wennlof A, Sjostrom M. High Folate Intake sis Related to Better Academic Achievement in Swedish Adolescents. Pediatrics [Online Journal]. 2011;128(2):358–365.Available at: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2010-1481
Meeusen R. Exercise, Nutrition and the Brain. Sports Medicine. 2014;44(Supplement 1):27-56.
Lemeshow S, David WH, pramono D. Besar Sampel Dalam Penelitian Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press; 1997.
Gregory JF. Case Study: Folate Bioavailability. The Journal of Nutrition. 2001;131(4):1376–1382.
JC T, JW N. Folate Status of Adolescents: Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 1990;90(11):1551–1556.
Jani R, Salian N, Udipi S, Ghugre P, Lohia N, Haas J, et al. Folate Status and Intake of Tribal Indian Adolescents Aged 10 to 17 Years. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2015;36(1):14–23.
Ma F, Wu T, Zhao J, Han F, Marseglia A, Liu H, et al. Effects of 6-Month Folic Acid Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Blood Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China. The Journals Gerontology Series A. 2016;71(10):1376–1383.
Fiedler JL, Afidra R, Mugambi G, Tehinse J, Kabaghe G, Zulu R, et al. Maize flour fortification in Africa: Markets, Feasibility, Coverage, and Costs. Annals of the New York Academy Sciences. 2014;1312(1):26–39.
Norris D. Short-Term Memory and Long-Term Memory are Still Different. Psychological Bulletin. 2017;143(9):992–1009.
Khodashenas E, Mohammadzadeh A, Sohrabi M, Izanloo A. The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Cognitive Performance in School Children. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2015;3(6.1):1033–1038.
Robinson JG, Farnier M, Krempf M, Bergeron J, Luc G, Averna M, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Alirocumab in Reducing Lipids and Cardiovascular Events. The New England Journal of Medicine [Online Journal].2015;372:1489–1499. Available at:
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1501031
Olsen RK, Moses SN, Riggs L, Ryan JD. The Hippocampus Supports Multiple Cognitive Processes Through Relational Binding and Comparison. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2012;6:146.
Sen A, Kanani SJ. Impact of Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation on Cognitive Abilities of School Girls in Vadodara. Indian Pediatrics. 2009;46(2):137–143.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2020 Aminuddin Syam, Nurpudji Astuti Taslim, Budu Budu, Nurhaedar Jafar, Muhammad Jufri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Atribusi-NonKomersial-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Copyright encompasses rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media, such as electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc.
All articles published Open Access are free for everyone to read and download. Under the CC-BY-NC-SA license, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors grant others permission to use the content of publications in Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia Universitas Hasanuddin in whole or in part provided that the original work is properly cited. Users (redistributors) of Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia Universitas Hasanuddin are required to cite the original source, including the author's names, Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia Universitas Hasanuddin as the initial source of publication, year of publication, and volume number.
Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia Universitas Hasanuddin is licensed under Creative Commons Atribusi-NonKomersial-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.