Faktor yang Memengaruhi Strategi Koping Masyarakat yang Tinggal Berdampingan dengan Penderita Skizofrenia
Abstract
The increasing number of patients with schizophrenia in the community requires positive support from all parties so that they can be more productive and independent. Stigma and discrimination that are still prevalent become the biggest obstacles to the community coping strategies in responding to the presence of patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the coping strategies of people living side by side with patients with schizophrenia. This study used an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was the people who live around patients with schizophrenia in the working area of Bantur Community Health Center, Malang Regency, East Java. There were 138 respondents selected based on the multi-stage random sampling technique. The predictor variables examined were problem appraisal (X1), social capital (X2), and social support (X3). Data were analyzed using logistic regression tests. The results of the study indicate that the fac-tor that influences community coping strategies is social capital (X2). The resulting regression equation is Y = 5.627 + 0.733X1 + 1.739X2 - 0.021X3. Therefore, it can be concluded that social capital is a predictor that in-fluences community coping strategies. It is therefore recommended that the community could strengthen their social capital to help the recovery of patients with schizophrenia.
References
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26. Choudhry FR, Mani V, Ming L, Khan TM. Be-liefs and Perception about Mental Health Is-sues: a Meta-Synthesis. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2016;12:2807–2818.
27. Sangeeta SJ, Mathew KJ. Community Percep-tions of Mental Illness in Jharkhand, India. East Asian Arch Psychiatry. 2017;27(3):97-105.
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31. Alfiarini A, Mulyana N, Ishartono I. Modal Sosial dalam Penanganan Penderita Retar-dasi Mental: Studi Kasus Desa Sidoharjo (Kampung Gila). Jurnal Penelitian & PKM. 2017;4(2):129–389.
32. Mitchell CU, LaGory M. Social Capital and Mental Distress in an Impoverished Com-munity. City and Community. 2002;1(2):199–222.
33. Vyncke V, De Clercq B, Stevens V, Costongs C, Barbareschi G, Jónsson SH, et al. Does Neighbourhood Social Capital Aid in Level-ling the Social Gradient in the Health and Well-Being of Children and Adolescents? A literature review. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(65):1471-2458.
34. Bertotti M, Watts P, Netuveli G, Yu G, Schmidt E, Tobi P, et al. Types of Social Capital and Mental Disorder in Deprived Urban Areas: A Multilevel Study of 40 Disadvantaged London Neighbourhoods. [Online Journal]. PLoS One. 2013;8.
35. Haseda M, Kondo N, Takagi D, Kondo K. Community Social Capital and Inequality in Depressive Symptoms among Older Japa-nese Adults: A Multilevel Study. Health Place. 2018;52:8–17.
36. Wind TR, Fordham M, Komproe IH. Social Capital and Post-Disaster Mental Health. Global Health Action. 2011;4(1):6351.
37. Cigarini A, Vicens J, Duch J, Sánchez A, Perel-ló J. Quantitative Account of Social Interac-tions in a Mental Health Care Ecosystem: Cooperation, Trust and Collective Action. Scientific Reports. 2018;8(3794):3794.
38. Hombrados-Mendieta I, Millán-Franco M, Gómez-Jacinto L, Gonzalez-Castro F, Martos-Méndez MJ, García-Cid A. Positive Influences of Social Support on Sense of Community, Life Satisfaction and the Health of Immigrants in Spain. Front Psychology. 2019;10:2555.
39. Wright K. Social Networks, Interpersonal Social Support, and Health Outcomes: A Health Communication Perspective. [Online Journal]. Front Communication. 2016;1.
40. Sippel LM, Pietrzak RH, Charney DS, Mayes LC, Southwick SM. How Does Social Support Enhance Resilience in the Trauma-Exposed Individual?. Ecology and Society. 2015;20(4):10-19.
41. Kuo BCH. Culture’s Consequences on Coping. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology. 2010;42(6):1084–1100.
42. Rivkin I, Lopez EDS, Trimble JE, Johnson S, Orr E, Quaintance T. Cultural Values, Coping, and Hope in Yup’ik Communities Facing Rapid Cultural Change. Journal of Communi-ty Psychology. 2018;47(3):611-627
43. Adab G, Wiyarto A, Primastito Z, Moordin-ingsih M. Budaya Manut dalam Pengambi-lan Keputusan di Jawa. In: Prosiding Semi-nar Nasional Psikologi Islami. Surakarta; 2012.
2. WHO. Mental Disorder. World Health Or-ganization; 2019.
3. Kemenkes RI. Hasil Utama Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Re-publik Indonesia; 2018.
4. Surahmiyati S, Yoga BH, Hasanbasri M. Dukungan Sosial untuk Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa di Daerah Miskin: Studi di Sebuah Wilayah Puskesmas di Gunungkidul. Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat. 2017;33(8): 403-410.
5. Tristiana RD, Yusuf A, Fitryasari R, Wahyuni SD, Nihayati HE. Perceived Barriers on Men-tal Health Services by the Family of Patients with Mental Illness. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2018;5:63–67.
6. Gebrekidan Abbay A, Tibebe Mulatu A, Azadi H. Community Knowledge, Perceived Be-liefs and Associated Factors of Mental Dis-tress: A Case Study from Northern Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Re-search and Public Health. 2018;15(11):2423-2444.
7. Benti M, Ebrahim J, Awoke T, Yohannis Z, Bedaso A. Community Perception Towards Mental Illness among Residents of Gimbi Town, Western Ethiopia. Psychiatry Journal. 2016;2016:1–8.
8. Shah A, Wheeler L, Sessions K, Kuule Y, Agaba E, Merry SP. Community Perceptions of Mental Illness in Rural Uganda: An Analy-sis of Existing Challenges Facing the Bwindi Mental Health Programme. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine. 2017;9(1):1-9.
9. Van der Ham L, Wright P, Van TV, Doan VD, Broerse JE. Perceptions of Mental Health and Help-Seeking Behavior in an Urban Community in Vietnam: an Explorative Study. Community Mental Health Journal. 2011;47(5):574-582.
10. Choudhry FR, Mani V, Ming L, Khan TM. Be-liefs and Perception about Mental Health Is-sues: a Meta-Synthesis. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2016;12:2807–2818.
11. Habibov N, Afandi E. Community-Level So-cial Capital and Household Strategies for Coping with Global Crisis in Transitional Countries. Social Indicators Research. 2015;130(2):687–710.
12. Marbuah G. Is Willingness to Contribute for Environmental Protection in Sweden Af-fected by Social Capital?. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies. 2019;21(3):451–475.
13. Gillard S, Turner K, Neffgen M. Understand-ing Recovery in the Context of Lived Experi-ence of Personality Disorders: a Collabora-tive, Qualitative Research Study. BMC Psy-chiatry. 2015;15(183):1-13.
14. Afifi TD, Afifi WA, Acevedo Callejas M, Shahnazi A, White A, Nimah N. The Func-tionality of Communal Coping in Chronic Uncertainty Environments: The Context of Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon. Health Communication. 2018;34(13):1585-1596.
15. Afifi WA, Felix ED, Afifi TD. The Impact of Uncertainty and Communal Coping on Men-tal Health Following Natural Disasters. Anx-iety, Stress & Coping. 2012;25(3):329–347.
16. Tarehy MGK, Nusawakan AW, Soegijono SP. Kesehatan Mental dan Strategi Koping dalam Perspektif Budaya: Sebuah Studi Sosio-demografi di Ambon. Jurnal Keperawa-tan Muhammadiyah. 2019;4(1):26-34.
17. Basinger ED. Explicating the Appraisal Di-mension of the Communal Coping Model. Health Communication. 2018;33(6):690–699.
18. Helgeson VS, Jakubiak B, Van Vleet M, Zajdel M. Communal Coping and Adjustment to Chronic Illness: Theory Update and Evi-dence. Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2017;22(2):170–195.
19. Guribye E, Sandal G, Oppedal B. Communal Proactive Coping Strategies among Tamil Refugees in Norway: A Case Study in a Nat-uralistic Setting. International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 2011;5(9):1-13.
20. Kuo BCH. Collectivism and Coping: Current Theories, Evidence, and Measurements of Collective Coping. International Journal of Psychology. 2013;48(3):374–388.
21. Monteiro NM, Balogun SK, Oratile KN. Man-aging Stress: the Influence of Gender, Age and Emotion Regulation on Coping among University Students in Botswana. Interna-tional Journal of Adolescence and Youth. 2014;19(2):153–173.
22. Perreault M, Touré EH, Perreault N, Caron J. Employment Status and Mental Health: Me-diating Roles of Social Support and Coping Strategies. Psychiatric Quarterly. 2016;88(3): 501–514.
23. Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zu X, Liu T, Zheng J. From Neighboring Behavior to Mental Health in the Community: The Role of Gender and Work-Family Conflict. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(12):2101.
24. Maryam S. Strategi Coping: Teori dan Sum-berdayanya. Jurnal Konseling Andi Matappa. 2017;1(2):101-107.
25. Witdiawati W, Sukmawati S, Mamuroh L. Penguatan Kapasitas Kader Kesehatan dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Dukungan Sosial Berbasis Masyarakat terhadap Klien Kanker Payudara. Media Karya Kesehatan. 2018;1(1):1-10.
26. Choudhry FR, Mani V, Ming L, Khan TM. Be-liefs and Perception about Mental Health Is-sues: a Meta-Synthesis. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2016;12:2807–2818.
27. Sangeeta SJ, Mathew KJ. Community Percep-tions of Mental Illness in Jharkhand, India. East Asian Arch Psychiatry. 2017;27(3):97-105.
28. Salve H, Goswami K, Sagar R, Nongkynrih B, Sreenivas V. Perception and Attitude To-wards Mental Illness in an Urban Communi-ty in South Delhi-A Community Based Study. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2013;35(2):154-158.
29. Sherrer MV, Shen C, O’Hare T. Negative Ap-praisal and Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Community Clients with Serious Mental Ill-ness. Social Work in Mental Health. 2015;13(3):216–234.
30. Shah A, Wheeler L, Sessions K, Kuule Y, Agaba E, Merry SP. Community Perceptions of Mental Illness in Rural Uganda: An Analy-sis of Existing Challenges Facing the Bwindi Mental Health Programme. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine. 2017;9(1):2071-2928.
31. Alfiarini A, Mulyana N, Ishartono I. Modal Sosial dalam Penanganan Penderita Retar-dasi Mental: Studi Kasus Desa Sidoharjo (Kampung Gila). Jurnal Penelitian & PKM. 2017;4(2):129–389.
32. Mitchell CU, LaGory M. Social Capital and Mental Distress in an Impoverished Com-munity. City and Community. 2002;1(2):199–222.
33. Vyncke V, De Clercq B, Stevens V, Costongs C, Barbareschi G, Jónsson SH, et al. Does Neighbourhood Social Capital Aid in Level-ling the Social Gradient in the Health and Well-Being of Children and Adolescents? A literature review. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(65):1471-2458.
34. Bertotti M, Watts P, Netuveli G, Yu G, Schmidt E, Tobi P, et al. Types of Social Capital and Mental Disorder in Deprived Urban Areas: A Multilevel Study of 40 Disadvantaged London Neighbourhoods. [Online Journal]. PLoS One. 2013;8.
35. Haseda M, Kondo N, Takagi D, Kondo K. Community Social Capital and Inequality in Depressive Symptoms among Older Japa-nese Adults: A Multilevel Study. Health Place. 2018;52:8–17.
36. Wind TR, Fordham M, Komproe IH. Social Capital and Post-Disaster Mental Health. Global Health Action. 2011;4(1):6351.
37. Cigarini A, Vicens J, Duch J, Sánchez A, Perel-ló J. Quantitative Account of Social Interac-tions in a Mental Health Care Ecosystem: Cooperation, Trust and Collective Action. Scientific Reports. 2018;8(3794):3794.
38. Hombrados-Mendieta I, Millán-Franco M, Gómez-Jacinto L, Gonzalez-Castro F, Martos-Méndez MJ, García-Cid A. Positive Influences of Social Support on Sense of Community, Life Satisfaction and the Health of Immigrants in Spain. Front Psychology. 2019;10:2555.
39. Wright K. Social Networks, Interpersonal Social Support, and Health Outcomes: A Health Communication Perspective. [Online Journal]. Front Communication. 2016;1.
40. Sippel LM, Pietrzak RH, Charney DS, Mayes LC, Southwick SM. How Does Social Support Enhance Resilience in the Trauma-Exposed Individual?. Ecology and Society. 2015;20(4):10-19.
41. Kuo BCH. Culture’s Consequences on Coping. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology. 2010;42(6):1084–1100.
42. Rivkin I, Lopez EDS, Trimble JE, Johnson S, Orr E, Quaintance T. Cultural Values, Coping, and Hope in Yup’ik Communities Facing Rapid Cultural Change. Journal of Communi-ty Psychology. 2018;47(3):611-627
43. Adab G, Wiyarto A, Primastito Z, Moordin-ingsih M. Budaya Manut dalam Pengambi-lan Keputusan di Jawa. In: Prosiding Semi-nar Nasional Psikologi Islami. Surakarta; 2012.
Authors
Lestari, R., Yusuf, A., Hargono, R., Setyawan, F. E. B., & Ahsan, A. (2020). Faktor yang Memengaruhi Strategi Koping Masyarakat yang Tinggal Berdampingan dengan Penderita Skizofrenia. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 16(2), 192-203. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v16i2.9144
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