Performance Evaluation of Underwater (UW) Welding System with Friction Stir Welding (FSW) Method on 316L Stainless Steel Exposed to Sea Water
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding technique that can produce high-quality joints without defects that commonly occur in liquid welding. However, FSW has limitations in underwater applications due to the friction between the tool and the material that causes a decrease in heat efficiency and shear force. To overcome this problem, this study proposes an underwater welding (UW) system with the FSW method on 316L stainless steel exposed to seawater. This UW-FSW system uses a high-speed rotating tool surrounded by an inert gas shroud to prevent direct contact between the tool and seawater. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of this UW-FSW system in terms of mechanical properties, microstructure, and corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel joints. The results of this study show that the UW-FSW system can produce joints with better tensile strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance than conventional FSW. This is due to the rapid cooling, reduction of oxidation, and formation of a thicker passive layer on the joint surface. This study provides a contribution to the development of environmentally friendly and efficient underwater welding technology.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
D. G. Mohan, J. Mathew, S. Muthukumaran and M. Vasudevan, "Friction Stir Welding of 2.25Cr–1Mo Steel to AISI 316LN Stainless Steel," Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, vol. 73, no. 7, pp. 1689-1693, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s12666-020-01984-y.
A. Alamsyah, R. Herlambang, R. J. Ikhwani, T. Hidayat, and W. Suwedy, “Testing of Carbon Steel Pipe and Stainless Steel Duplex Pipes of Welding Joints : A Cost and Time Perspective”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 1–12, Jun. 2023
H. Palippui, “Analysis of Effect of Temperature Variation Preheat on SMAW Welding of Microstructures, and ST60 and SS400 Steel Hardness”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 13–19, Jun. 2023.
H. Hamzah, “Influence of Use Backing Ceramic to Value Yield Strength on ASTM A36 Steel Using SMAW Welding ”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 20–25, Jun. 2023.
D. Sunilkumar, J. Mathew, S. Muthukumaran and M. Vasudevan, "A Review on Friction Stir Welding of Steels," Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 34, no. 1, p. 137, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1186/s10033-021-00655-3.
M. Riayadh, “Application of Basic Welding Techniques Shield Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) to Improve the Capability of Forced Village Communities ”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 26–31, Jun. 2023.
F. Husain, “Welding Training Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) in Improving Welding Skills”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 32–37, Jun. 2023.
H. Hamzah, “Welder Work Position Planning with the REBA Method: Rapid Entire Body Assessment”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 38–44, Jun. 2023.
A. Khorrami and A. Haghani, "Microstructure and Mechanical Characterization of Friction-Stir-Welded AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel," Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 1068-1078, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11665-018-3802-z.
S.-H. Park and H.-J. Kim, "Effect of tool geometry on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded stainless steel," Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 528, no. 13-14, pp. 4683-4688, May 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.02.079.
J. Sade, “Relationship between Knowledge and Fatigue with Unsafe Behavior in Classification Workers”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 45–49, Jun. 2023.
J. Sade, “Calculation of Elongation in Media Use Backing Ceramic against Steel ASTM A36 by SMAW Process”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 50–59, Jun. 2023.
M. F. Bin Yusup, “Relationship of Occupational Accidents to K3 Knowledge, K3 Training, and Use of Personal Protective Equipment in the Welding Process”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 60–66, Jun. 2023.
S.-H. Park and H.-J. Kim, "Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of friction stir welded stainless steel," Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 527, no. 15, pp.
M. A. Wahab, Y. Gao and M. J. Painter, "Friction stir welding of stainless steel and aluminium alloy," Materials & Design, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 2238-2242, Sep. 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2006.06.018.
M. Kadhafi, “Evaluation of the Use of Personal Protective Equipment in the Welding Process at the Arjasa District Welding Workshop”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 67–72, Jun. 2023.
A. Y. Kyew, “OHS-Based Welding Training as an Effort to Increase Work Safety Skills and Awareness in the Community”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 73–77, Jun. 2023.
J. Sade, “Effect of Using Ceramic Backing Media on SMAW Welding on Value Reduction of Area on ASTM A36 Steel”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 78–82, Jun. 2023.
A. Simar, Y. Bréchet, B. de Meester, A. Denquin, T. Pardoen and C. Gallais, "Microstructure, local and global mechanical properties of friction stir welds in aluminum alloy 6005A-T6," Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 486, no. 1-2, pp. 1-1 85-95, June. 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.09.044.
S. Rahman, “Analysis of the Impact of Welding on Air Quality and Public Health in Indonesia”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 83–91, Jun. 2023.
T. Rachman, “Application of Environmentally Friendly Technology in the Welding Process”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 92–99, Jun. 2023.
H. Hamzah, “Development of Welding Technology in the Future: Analysis of Trends and Impacts on Industry and the Environment”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 100–106, Jun. 2023.
D. Dwisetiono and R. Dikrulloh, “The Effect Of Welding Position And Filler Diameter On The Results Of Welding Propeller Leaves With Gas Metal Arc Welding ”, zonalaut, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 15-23, Mar. 2022.
R. Nandan, T. DebRoy and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia, "Recent advances in friction-stir welding – Process, weldment structure and properties," Progress in Materials Science, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 980-1023, Aug. 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2008.03.002.
H. Palippui, “Review of Intricacies of Underwater Welding”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 107–114, Jun. 2023.
S. Rahman, “Calculation Ultimate Strength on Media Use Backing Ceramic Against ASTM A36 Steel by SMAW Process”, CBCER, vol. 1, no. 1 Juni, pp. 115–119, Jun. 2023.